Oliver Twist

[Characters]

Oliver Twist: 구빈원에서 태어난 고아 소년. 순수하고 선량한 마음을 잃지 않으며 온갖 역경을 견뎌냅니다.

Fagin: 런던 뒷골목에서 소년들에게 소매치기를 가르치고 장물을 사들이는 교활하고 탐욕스러운 노인.

The Artful Dodger (Jack Dawkins): 페긴의 밑에서 일하는 소매치기 소년. 런던에 온 올리버를 페긴에게 데려갑니다.

Bill Sikes: 페긴과 거래하는 잔혹하고 폭력적인 강도.

Nancy: 페긴의 밑에서 자란 여성으로 사이크스의 연인. 비참한 삶을 살지만 올리버를 향한 동정심을 느끼고 그를 돕는다.

Mr. Brownlow: 올리버의 진가를 알아보고 그를 따뜻하게 거두어주는 자상한 신사.

Rose Maylie: 올리버가 총에 맞았을 때 그를 치료해주고 돌보아주는 아름답고 다정한 여성.

Monks: 올리버의 이복형. 유산을 가로채기 위해 올리버를 파멸시키려 음모를 꾸밉니다.

책을 읽은 후 Read 101 학생들 각자의 줄거리요약을 인물관계도 형식으로 표현해주세요.

Chapter 1: The Dark Beginnings and the Escape

Oliver Twist is born in a harsh, unforgiving workhouse in a small English town, (which / where) he spends his early childhood. His mother, a young, unknown woman, tragically dies immediately after (giving / given) birth to him, leaving Oliver as a helpless orphan in a world that does not care for him.

For the first nine years of his life, Oliver is raised in a miserable branch-workhouse (where / which) he is severely starved, frequently beaten, and treated with extreme cruelty by the greedy authorities, particularly Mr. Bumble, the arrogant parish beadle. The children in the workhouse are given only thin, watery gruel to eat, (making / made) them suffer from constant hunger.

Driven by desperate starvation, the boys cast lots, and the task falls to Oliver to ask for more food. After (finish / finishing) his tiny portion, Oliver famously steps forward holding his empty bowl and says, "Please, sir, I want some more."

This simple request causes a massive uproar among the workhouse board members. Viewing Oliver as a dangerous rebel, they decide to get rid of him. He is apprenticed to Mr. Sowerberry, a local undertaker. Although Mr. Sowerberry is relatively mild, his wife and Noah Claypole, a cruel older apprentice, constantly bully and humiliate Oliver. One day, Noah viciously insults Oliver's dead mother. Blinded by sudden rage and deep grief, Oliver fiercely attacks Noah. Unjustly punished and locked in a dark cellar, Oliver realizes he can no longer endure this miserable existence. Early the next morning, before anyone else wakes up, he secretly runs away. He decides to walk all the way to London, believing it is a massive city where no one can find him and where he might finally find a better life.

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Vocabulary

Chapter 2: The Den of Thieves and a Glimmer of Hope

The journey to London is brutal. Oliver walks for seven days, suffering from severe exhaustion, bleeding feet, and terrible hunger, (making / made) the journey even more unbearable. Just outside the city, he meets a sharply dressed, street-smart boy named Jack Dawkins, also known as the Artful Dodger, (who / which) offers him food and shelter.

The Dodger offers Oliver free food and promises him a safe place to stay in London, (leading / led) Oliver to trust him completely. Grateful and unsuspecting, Oliver follows him into the dark, filthy slums of the city, (believing / believed) he has found safety.

He is introduced to an ugly, old man named Fagin, (who / whom) pretends to be a kind benefactor, giving Oliver warm food and a bed. However, Fagin is actually a master criminal (running / run) a gang of child pickpockets. Oliver, completely innocent, does not realize what the boys are actually doing when they practice pulling handkerchiefs from Fagin’s pockets, (which / what) confuses him.

A few days later, Oliver goes out with the Dodger and another boy, Charley Bates. To Oliver’s absolute horror, he watches the Dodger expertly steal a silk handkerchief from the pocket of an old gentleman (reading / read) at a bookstall. Terrified, Oliver turns and runs away, (thinking / thought) he will be blamed.

The gentleman, Mr. Brownlow, mistakenly assumes Oliver is the thief and shouts "Stop thief!", (causing / caused) a large crowd to chase Oliver and knock him out. At the police station, the bookseller testifies to Oliver's innocence, and Mr. Brownlow, (noticing / noticed) the boy is sick and burning with fever, kindly takes him to his own wealthy home.

For the first time in his life, Oliver experiences genuine warmth, clean clothes, and a comfortable bed, (which / what) changes his life completely. However, Fagin and his terrifying associate, Bill Sikes, are deeply worried that Oliver will reveal their secret hideout to the police, (sending / sent) Nancy to kidnap him.

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Vocabulary

Chapter 3: The Midnight Burglary and New Friends

Trapped once again in Fagin's dark, suffocating den, Oliver is stripped of his nice new clothes and forced to read books about horrible crimes, (designing / designed) to corrupt his innocent mind. Fagin and Sikes plan a major house robbery in the countryside town of Chertsey and realize they need a very small boy (who / whom) they can send through a tiny window to open the front door.

Despite Oliver's desperate tears and pleading, Sikes violently threatens him with a loaded pistol and forces him (to participate / participating) in the midnight burglary, (ignoring / ignored) his cries for mercy. Sikes pushes the terrified boy through the small window, ordering him to unlock the main door, (which / what) terrifies him even further.

Before Oliver can act, the residents of the house are awakened by the noise, a servant (fires / firing) a gun into the dark. The shot (having / had) struck Oliver in the arm, Sikes pulls the bleeding boy back out but abandons him in a muddy ditch.

The next morning, barely alive and completely exhausted, Oliver manages (crawl / to crawl) back to the very house (in which / where) the robbery had been attempted. The owners, Mrs. Maylie and Rose, take pity on him, (believing / believed) his story to be true rather than reporting him to the police.

Meanwhile, in London, a mysterious man named Monks is secretly conspiring with Fagin, (ensuring / ensured) that Oliver will be ruined, (hinting / hinted) at a hidden secret concerning his identity.

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Vocabulary

Chapter 4: Justice, Truth, and a New Family

Nancy, despite her rough life, feels deep guilt and sympathy for Oliver, (feeling / felt) responsible for his suffering. Overhearing the sinister plot between Fagin and Monks, she bravely risks her own life, (deciding / decided) to reveal the truth. She secretly meets Rose Maylie and Mr. Brownlow on the steps of London Bridge at midnight, (revealing / revealed) the conspiracy against Oliver.

Tragically, Fagin has a spy follow her, (which / who) leads to her downfall. When Sikes finds out about Nancy's betrayal, he flies into a blind rage and brutally murders her, (shocking / shocked) the entire city. The whole city is horrified by the crime, and a massive manhunt begins, (forcing / forced) Sikes to hide in the worst slums of London.

While (trying / tried) to escape across the rooftops with a rope, he accidentally hangs himself. Fagin is eventually captured by the police, (trying / tried) in court, and sentenced to be executed.

Mr. Brownlow, (who / whom) has never stopped looking for Oliver, tracks down the mysterious Monks and forces him to confess the truth, (which / what) reveals a shocking secret. Monks is actually Oliver's older half-brother, (having / had) tried to destroy him for inheritance.

With his true identity finally (restoring / restored) and his enemies defeated, Oliver's nightmare ends. Mr. Brownlow legally adopts Oliver, (making / made) him his son and giving him a peaceful life.

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Vocabulary

[Read 101 자곡영어] TOEFL iBT Reading Practice Test

Topic: Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist and Victorian Society

Reading Passage 1: The Parish Workhouse System

[1] In the early 19th century, the British government passed the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, which fundamentally changed how poverty was managed. The act mandated that assistance to the poor would only be granted within the confines of a "workhouse." These institutions were deliberately designed to be as unpleasant as possible to discourage people from seeking relief unless absolutely necessary. Families were separated upon entry, and inmates were subjected to harsh discipline, monotonous labor, and meager rations. It is within this bleak institutional framework that the early life of Oliver Twist, the protagonist of Charles Dickens’s famous novel, is situated.

[2] Oliver is born in a parish workhouse to a destitute, unnamed mother who dies shortly after his birth. As an orphan of the state, Oliver becomes a victim of a system that views the poor as a burden. The board of gentlemen who oversee the workhouse are depicted as hypocritical and indifferent. They are convinced that the poor are naturally lazy and provide them with just enough thin gruel to keep them alive, while they themselves feast on luxurious meals. █ [A] The physical toll of this deprivation becomes evident as the boys in the workhouse grow increasingly emaciated and desperate. █ [B] [3] The defining moment of Oliver's time in the workhouse occurs due to the unbearable starvation experienced by the children. Driven to the brink of madness by hunger, the boys hold a council and cast lots to determine who will approach the master after supper and ask for an additional portion of food. █ [C] The lot falls to young Oliver. In a scene that has become one of the most iconic in English literature, Oliver approaches the cruel master with his bowl and spoon, uttering the famous words, "Please, sir, I want some more." █ [D] [4] The reaction to Oliver’s simple request is one of absolute shock and outrage. The master strikes Oliver, and the board of directors quickly convenes, viewing the boy's plea not as a cry for survival, but as an act of profound rebellion and inherent criminality. To the board, Oliver’s request threatens the very foundation of the workhouse system, which relies on total submission. Consequently, Oliver is confined to a dark room and subsequently offered as an apprentice to anyone willing to take him off the parish's hands, marking the end of his time in the workhouse and the beginning of his dangerous journey into the wider world.

Reading Passage 2: Fagin's Underworld in Victorian London

[1] After escaping from his oppressive apprenticeship, Oliver Twist walks for seven days to reach London, a city he believes will offer him anonymity and safety. However, the London depicted by Charles Dickens is far from a sanctuary. It is a labyrinthine metropolis characterized by extreme poverty, crime, and moral decay. Upon arriving exhausted and starving, Oliver is quickly spotted by Jack Dawkins, a confident boy better known as the "Artful Dodger." The Dodger offers Oliver food and a place to stay, introducing him to a hidden underworld that preys on vulnerable, unprotected children.

[2] The Dodger leads Oliver to the squalid den of Fagin, an old man who serves as the mastermind of a juvenile pickpocketing ring. Fagin is a complex and sinister figure; he initially appears to be a generous benefactor, providing the homeless boys with sausages, warm beds, and a sense of belonging that Oliver has never experienced. However, this hospitality is entirely predatory. Fagin systematically strips the boys of their innocence, teaching them the "trade" of stealing handkerchiefs, wallets, and jewelry from wealthy pedestrians. He utilizes a twisted form of paternalism to manipulate the boys, ensuring their absolute loyalty and keeping them trapped in his criminal enterprise.

[3] For a time, Oliver remains remarkably naive about the true nature of Fagin's operation. He watches Fagin and the boys play a "game" where Fagin pretends to be an old gentleman walking down the street, and the boys practice slipping items out of his pockets without him noticing. Oliver finds this highly amusing and believes they are making goods rather than stealing them. █ [A] It is not until Oliver is sent out onto the streets with the Dodger and another boy, Charley Bates, that the brutal reality of his situation becomes clear. █ [B] [4] While observing a wealthy gentleman reading at a bookstall, the Dodger suddenly reaches into the man's pocket and steals his handkerchief. █ [C] In a flash of terrifying comprehension, Oliver realizes what the "game" actually was. █ [D] Overwhelmed by fear and moral revulsion, Oliver runs away in a panic. Unfortunately, his sudden flight makes him look guilty. The gentleman notices his missing handkerchief, sees Oliver running, and raises the cry of "Stop thief!" The true thieves blend into the crowd, leaving the innocent Oliver to be chased down, beaten, and arrested by the police, highlighting the precariousness of justice in Victorian society.

Chapter 1: The Ambition and the Creation

Captain Robert Walton, leading a dangerous and highly ambitious expedition to the frozen North Pole, rescues a nearly frozen, deeply emaciated man from the unforgiving Arctic ice. This mysterious man is Victor Frankenstein. Recognizing Walton’s own reckless ambition and dangerous thirst for glory, Victor decides to share his tragic life story as a solemn warning against the pursuit of forbidden knowledge. Born into a highly respected and wealthy family in Geneva, Switzerland, Victor enjoyed an idyllic childhood surrounded by love and comfort. He grew up alongside his adopted sister, Elizabeth Lavenza, whom he loved dearly, and his closest friend, Henry Clerval, a boy with a noble and poetic spirit. [ A ] However, as he grew older, Victor developed an intense, almost unhealthy obsession with the hidden mysteries of natural philosophy and the secrets of life and death. He wanted to understand the very essence of human existence. [ B ]

Leaving his loving family behind, Victor travels to Germany to study at the University of Ingolstadt. There, he immerses himself entirely in chemistry and modern sciences, isolating himself from his peers. 1( Driven / Driving ) by a burning desire to pioneer a groundbreaking method to conquer human mortality, Victor begins a horrifying secret project. He spends months working in total isolation, secretly robbing graveyards and slaughterhouses in the dead of night to collect human and animal body parts. [ C ] He painstakingly assembles these grim materials into a massive, eight-foot-tall figure. His laboratory, hidden away in a solitary chamber at the top of his house, becomes a place of dark obsession. He forgets his family, his friends, and his own health, focusing solely on his grand experiment. He firmly believes 2( what / that ) he is creating a new, glorious species that will bless him as its creator and father. [ D ]

Finally, on a remarkably dreary and stormy night in November, Victor applies a spark of electricity to his creation. The lifeless creature twitches and slowly opens its dull, watery yellow eyes. However, instead of feeling the joy and triumph of a proud creator, Victor is instantly 3( overwhelming / overwhelmed ) by profound horror and extreme disgust. The physical ugliness of his own work terrifies him beyond reason. The creature's yellow skin scarcely covers the complex work of muscles and arteries beneath, and its watery eyes seem almost the exact same color as the dun-white sockets holding them. Unable to bear the terrifying sight of the monster, Victor abandons his confused, newly born creation and blindly flees his laboratory in absolute panic. He paces his bedchamber in deep distress, finally falling into a troubled, exhausted sleep. Waking up in a cold sweat, he sees the monster 4( stands / standing ) by his bed, reaching out a giant hand to him. Terrified, Victor runs away again. This fateful event marks the terrifying beginning of a relentless nightmare 5( that / who ) will violently destroy his entire life. Seldom 6( he had seen / had he seen ) such a hideous abomination in his life.

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Vocabulary

[Word Insertion]

Word Bank: expedition / reckless / obsession / isolation / massive / dreary / distress / relentless

The scientists prepared for a dangerous __________ to the North Pole.

His __________ driving behavior almost caused a terrible accident.

The artist's __________ with perfection made him work all night.

After the storm, the survivors lived in complete __________ on the island.

The museum displayed a __________ dinosaur skeleton in the main hall.

It was a __________ and rainy day, perfect for staying indoors.

The lost child was in deep __________ until his mother found him.

The __________ wind blew for three days without stopping.

Vocabulary

Q1. What is the main reason Victor decides to tell his story to Captain Walton?

(1) To serve as a solemn warning against reckless ambition.

(2) To ask Walton to help him find and destroy the monster.

(3) To brag about his successful scientific experiment.

(4) To entertain the crew during their long journey.

Q2. Which of the following is NOT true about Victor's childhood?

(1) He was born into a wealthy family in Switzerland.

(2) He was hated by his parents from a young age.

(3) He grew up with Elizabeth and Henry.

(4) He enjoyed a peaceful and happy early life.

Q3. Where did Victor go to study chemistry and modern sciences?

(1) A secret laboratory in the Arctic

(2) A local middle school in Geneva

(3) The University of Ingolstadt

(4) A prestigious university in London

Q4. How did Victor feel immediately after the creature opened its eyes?

(1) He felt a deep sense of pride and triumph.

(2) He wanted to teach it how to speak human language.

(3) He quickly called his friends to show off his work.

(4) He was filled with profound horror and extreme disgust.

Q5. What did Victor collect to assemble his massive creature?

(1) Human and animal body parts from graveyards and slaughterhouses.

(2) Advanced robots and computer components.

(3) Ice and snow from the freezing North Pole.

(4) Animals he hunted in the Swiss Alps.

Q6. What was the size of the creature Victor created?

(1) Five feet tall (2) Six feet tall

(3) Eight feet tall (4) Ten feet tall

Q7. Why did Victor isolate himself from his peers at the university?

(1) He hated all of his classmates and professors.

(2) He was entirely focused on his secret project.

(3) He was bullied for his strange ideas.

(4) He had no money to hang out with friends.

Q8. What did the monster do when Victor woke up from his sleep?

(1) It attacked Victor with a knife.

(2) It was standing by his bed reaching out a hand.

(3) It ran away through the window.

(4) It started crying and begging for food.

Q9. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to 'dreary'.

(1) gloomy (2) cheerful (3) exciting (4) bright

Q10. Choose the antonym (반의어) for 'massive'.

(1) huge (2) tiny (3) gigantic (4) enormous

Q11. What does 'obsession' mean in the context of the story?

(1) A feeling of peaceful relaxation.

(2) A temporary lack of memory.

(3) An unhealthy and persistent preoccupation with an idea.

(4) A strong desire to travel the world.

Q12. Choose the sentence with a grammatical error.

(1) He grew up alongside his sister, Elizabeth.

(2) He spent months working in total isolation.

(3) The creature slowly opened its yellow eyes.

(4) Victor travel to Germany to studying chemistry.

Q13. Choose the grammatically incorrect sentence.

(1) He were instantly overwhelmed by profound horror.

(2) He blindly flees his laboratory in absolute panic.

(3) He applied a spark of electricity to his creation.

(4) Victor abandoned his newly born creation.

Q14. Identify the sentence with a grammatical error.

(1) He developed an intense obsession.

(2) The creature slowly open its eyes.

(3) Walton rescues a man from the ice.

(4) He wanted to understand human existence.

Q15. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?

Before long, this seemingly innocent curiosity turned into a dark and dangerous obsession.

(1) [ A ] (2) [ B ] (3) [ C ] (4) [ D ]

[Paragraph Summary]

Word Bank: ambitious / terrified / creates / obsessed / monster / flees

Victor Frankenstein, an (1)________ scientist, goes to university and becomes (2)________ with the secret of life. He secretly (3)________ a giant (4)________ using body parts. However, when it comes alive, he is completely (5)________ by its hideous appearance and immediately (6)________ his laboratory in panic.

Chapter 2: The Tragedy Begins

Just as Victor begins to slowly recover his health and fragile peace of mind with the help of his dear friend Henry, he receives a devastating letter from his father. His beloved youngest brother, William, 1( was brutally murdered / brutally murdered ). Heartbroken and filled with a terrible sense of dread, Victor rushes back home to Geneva. However, the tragedy does not end there. A kind, loyal servant of the Frankenstein family, Justine Moritz, is falsely accused of the heinous crime. A precious locket 2( that / what ) belonged to William was found in her pocket, making her the prime suspect. Victor knows in his heart that this is a cruel trick played by the monster he created. [ A ]

Despite knowing the terrifying truth, Victor remains utterly silent out of immense fear and shame. He believes no one would ever believe his wild story about an eight-foot-tall monster. [ B ] As a devastating result, the innocent Justine is tragically executed for a crime she did not commit. Carrying a crushing, unbearable burden of guilt, Victor wanders alone into the icy and majestic Swiss Alps, seeking desperately for some comfort for his tortured soul. The magnificent scenery of the Chamonix valley offers him a brief moment of peace. 3( Barely had he / He had barely ) found solace when he decides to climb the massive Mer de Glace glacier. [ C ] There, amidst the freezing peaks, he unexpectedly confronts his terrifying creation bounding toward him with superhuman speed. [ D ]

To Victor's absolute astonishment, the creature is no longer a mindless beast; he is now highly intelligent and incredibly articulate. Victor curses the monster and threatens to destroy him, but the creature easily dodges his attacks. The monster forces his creator to sit down on the ice and listen to his tragic tale. He explains that after being cruelly abandoned, he 4( had faced / faced ) constant hatred, prejudice, and brutal violence from humans. People were absolutely terrified of the monster 5( approaching / approached ) them. Not only 6( did he suffer / he suffered ) unbearable physical pain from the cold and hunger, but his gentle heart was also completely broken by complete isolation and loneliness. Because of his terrifying appearance, human society completely rejected him at every turn. The creature, full of burning rage and deep sorrow, confesses that he had killed William to make Victor feel the exact same agonizing pain of losing a loved one. He then demands that Victor listen to the full story of his miserable existence before deciding his fate.

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Vocabulary

[Word Insertion]

Word Bank: confessed / devastating / guilt / astonishment / falsely / executed / confronted / hatred

The criminal finally __________ to stealing the famous painting.

The hurricane had a __________ effect on the coastal town.

She felt a heavy sense of __________ after lying to her best friend.

To my __________, the magician made the elephant disappear completely.

The innocent man was __________ accused of a crime he didn't commit.

In the past, kings sometimes __________ people who disagreed with them.

The brave student __________ the bully and told him to stop.

Their long argument caused a deep __________ between the two families.

Vocabulary

Q1. Who was falsely accused of murdering William?

(1) Henry Clerval (2) Justine Moritz

(3) Elizabeth Lavenza (4) Captain Walton

Q2. Why did Victor remain silent even though he knew Justine was innocent?

(1) He hated Justine and wanted her to die.

(2) He lost his memory due to a severe illness.

(3) He was afraid people would think he was mad if he told the truth.

(4) He didn't care about his family anymore.

Q3. Where did Victor unexpectedly confront the monster again?

(1) In his secret laboratory in Ingolstadt

(2) At his father's house in Geneva

(3) On a ship sailing to the North Pole

(4) On a massive glacier in the Swiss Alps

Q4. Which of the following describes the monster when Victor met him in the Alps?

(1) He was highly intelligent and perfectly articulate.

(2) He was acting like a wild, mindless beast.

(3) He was begging Victor to kindly kill him.

(4) He forgot how to walk and run properly.

Q5. Why did the monster confess to killing William?

(1) Because William attacked him first with a stick.

(2) To steal William's expensive gold locket.

(3) Because he was extremely hungry and needed food.

(4) To make Victor feel the agonizing pain of losing a loved one.

Q6. What did the monster demand Victor to do on the glacier?

(1) To run away and never return.

(2) To sit down and listen to his entire tragic tale.

(3) To build him a warm house in the Alps.

(4) To teach him how to read and write.

Q7. How did human society treat the monster according to his story?

(1) They welcomed him with open arms.

(2) They completely rejected him with hatred and violence.

(3) They were confused but tried to help him.

(4) They ignored him completely.

Q8. What brought Victor a brief moment of peace before meeting the monster?

(1) Reading a book in his room.

(2) Receiving a letter from Henry.

(3) The magnificent scenery of the Chamonix valley.

(4) Sleeping for three days.

Q9. What is the synonym (유의어) for 'articulate'?

(1) silent (2) fluent and clear in speech

(3) extremely angry (4) completely broken

Q10. Choose the word that means 'a heavy load that causes worry or hardship'.

(1) astonishment (2) violence (3) burden (4) glacier

Q11. What does 'devastating' mean in the passage?

(1) highly impressive (2) causing great shock or destruction (3) peacefully calm (4) slightly confusing

Q12. Which sentence is grammatically INCORRECT?

(1) Justine was tragically executing yesterday.

(2) A locket was found in her pocket.

(3) Victor rushed back home to Geneva.

(4) He received devastating news.

Q13. Identify the sentence with an error.

(1) He had faced constant hatred.

(2) The monster forced him to sit.

(3) People were terrified of the monster.

(4) He wanders into the icy Alps last night.

Q14. Choose the incorrect sentence.

(1) Because his appearance, society rejected him.

(2) It was a cruel trick played by the monster.

(3) Victor wandered into the mountains.

(4) His heart was broken by loneliness.

Q15. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?

This heavy, cowardly silence only added to the terrible tragedies that followed.

(1) [ A ] (2) [ B ] (3) [ C ] (4) [ D ]

[Paragraph Summary]

Word Bank: murdered / silent / executed / Alps / confronts / intelligent

Victor’s brother William is brutally (1), and the servant Justine is falsely accused and (2). Because Victor stays (3), he feels terrible guilt and goes to the (4). There, he unexpectedly (5)________ the monster, who is now very (6)________ and angry.

Chapter 3: The Monster's Tale and Demand

The monster continues his deeply tragic tale, explaining how he had managed to survive by 1( hiding / hidden ) in a small, freezing shed attached to a remote cottage. There, through a small crack in the wall, he secretly observed a poor but incredibly loving human family known as the DeLaceys. By carefully watching them for many months, he slowly learned the complex language 2( which / in which ) humans used to communicate with one another. He deeply admired their warmth, their gentle manners, and their affection. He desperately wished to join them and be part of their family. [ A ]

One day, when the younger family members were away, he gathered all his remaining courage and approached the blind old father, hoping to finally find friendship. The old man listened kindly to the creature's gentle words. [ B ] However, when the rest of the family suddenly returned, they were absolutely horrified by his nightmare-like appearance. Felix violently beat him with a heavy stick, and they chased him away. [ C ] This final, brutal rejection completely broke the creature's heart. Deeply alienated and furious at the entire world, the monster admitted that he was the one who strangled William in the woods. [ D ]

Then, the monster makes a strict, non-negotiable demand. He directly orders Victor 3( to create / creating ) a female companion for him, one who is just as hideous as he is. "My life 4( is / are ) full of endless misery and unbearable solitude," the creature cries out. "You must make someone who will not hate me." If Victor agrees to this demand, the monster promises to take his new mate and disappear into the wild jungles of South America forever, leaving humanity in peace. However, if Victor refuses, he threatens to do something even 5( more terrifying / most terrifying ). 6( Had they known / If they knew ) the true depth of the monster's anger, they would have fled. The creature warns that he will completely destroy everyone Victor loves and completely ruin his life if his single demand is not met. Feeling trapped and fearing for his family's safety, Victor reluctantly agrees to the monster's terms.

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Vocabulary

[Word Insertion]

Word Bank: observed / courage / desperately / horrified / rejection / shed / companion / furious

The scientist carefully __________ the behavior of the monkeys in the wild.

He needed a lot of __________ to speak in front of a thousand people.

The lost dog was __________ looking for its owner in the rain.

She was absolutely __________ when she saw the huge spider on her bed.

Facing constant __________ from publishers, the writer felt sad but didn't give up.

My father keeps all his gardening tools in a small __________ in the backyard.

Dogs are known to be an excellent and loyal __________ for humans.

The teacher was __________ when she caught the students cheating on the test.

Vocabulary

Q1. How did the monster learn to speak and understand human emotions?

(1) Victor taught him before abandoning him.

(2) He went to a village school disguised as a human.

(3) He secretly observed a poor but loving human family.

(4) He found old books in a graveyard and taught himself.

Q2. Who was the only human that listened kindly to the monster?

(1) A young boy playing in the forest.

(2) Victor's father, Alphonse.

(3) A wealthy merchant in Geneva.

(4) A blind old father of the family.

Q3. What did the monster demand Victor to do?

(1) To give him a very large amount of money.

(2) To create a female companion for him.

(3) To apologize to the human family on his behalf.

(4) To change his ugly appearance with surgery.

Q4. What did the monster promise to do if Victor accepted his demand?

(1) He would return to the graveyard and sleep forever.

(2) He would work as Victor's loyal servant forever.

(3) He would protect Victor's family from thieves.

(4) He would disappear into South America forever.

Q5. How did the monster feel after the family violently chased him away?

(1) He felt confused but wanted to try again tomorrow.

(2) He felt deeply alienated, furious, and vengeful.

(3) He felt relieved and happy to be entirely alone.

(4) He felt a deep sense of peace and forgiveness.

Q6. Why did Victor finally agree to the monster's demand?

(1) He thought it would be a fun scientific experiment.

(2) He felt trapped and feared for his family's safety.

(3) He wanted to become famous for creating two monsters.

(4) He genuinely loved the monster like a son.

Q7. What did the younger family member, Felix, do to the monster?

(1) He invited him to dinner.

(2) He gave him a bag of gold.

(3) He violently beat him with a stick.

(4) He taught him how to read books.

Q8. Where did the monster hide while observing the family?

(1) In a luxurious hotel room.

(2) Under a bridge in the city.

(3) In a small, freezing shed attached to a cottage.

(4) Inside a large, empty cave.

Q9. Choose the antonym (반의어) for 'furious'.

(1) calm and peaceful (2) extremely angry

(3) violently mad (4) totally blind

Q10. What does 'alienated' mean in the text?

(1) deeply connected and loved

(2) physically strong and fast

(3) feeling isolated and excluded

(4) highly intelligent and smart

Q11. Choose the word that means 'a strong request or order'.

(1) companion (2) demand (3) misery (4) courage

Q12. Choose the incorrect sentence.

(1) They were horrified by his appearance.

(2) He desperately wished to join them.

(3) The monster made a strictly demand.

(4) He learned the language by watching them.

Q13. Identify the grammatically incorrect sentence.

(1) He gathered all his courage.

(2) The family violently chased him away.

(3) He ordered Victor to create a female.

(4) If he refuse, he threatened to destroy them.

Q14. Choose the sentence with an error.

(1) He secretly observing the family for months.

(2) The old man listened kindly.

(3) My life is full of misery.

(4) This rejection broke his heart.

Q15. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?

He hoped that because the old man couldn't see his ugly face, he wouldn't judge him.

(1) [ A ] (2) [ B ] (3) [ C ] (4) [ D ]

[Paragraph Summary]

Word Bank: language / observing / friends / rejected / female / destroy

The monster learned (1)________ and emotions by secretly (2)________ a human family. When he tried to make (3), they violently (4) him. Feeling lonely and angry, he demands Victor to make him a (5)________ companion, or else he will (6)________ Victor's family.

Chapter 4: The Final Chase

Terrified by the monster's deadly threat, Victor reluctantly agrees to build the female creature. He travels to a very remote, lonely island in Scotland to begin 1( working / worked ) on the horrifying project in complete isolation. [ A ] However, just before the female monster is completely finished, Victor is suddenly struck by a terrible, paralyzing thought. What if the female is even more evil than the first? What if they despise each other, or worse, have children and destroy all of humanity? Overcome by intense fear and a sense of duty to mankind, the half-finished body 2( was destroyed / destroyed ) by Victor, tearing it to pieces. [ B ]

The monster, who was secretly watching from a window, howls in despair and becomes furious at this broken promise. True to his word, the monster begins his final, brutal revenge. First, he murders Victor's best friend, Henry Clerval, leaving Victor to be accused of the crime. [ C ] After Victor is finally cleared and returns home, the ultimate tragedy strikes on his wedding night. The monster breaks into the room 3( where / which ) Elizabeth is staying and brutally kills her. Hearing her scream, Victor rushes in only to find his beautiful bride dead. [ D ] Having lost absolutely everyone he loved, Victor dedicates the rest of his miserable life to hunting the creature down.

He chases the monster relentlessly across Europe and all the way to the frozen Arctic Ocean. By the time Captain Walton finally rescues him from the breaking ice, Victor 4( had lost / has lost ) all his physical strength. 5( Hardly had Victor / Victor had hardly ) finished telling his desperate warning to Walton when he finally passes away. Soon after, Walton hears a noise and finds the giant monster 6( weeping / weep ) over Victor's dead body. Expressing deep sorrow for his terrible crimes and the tragic death of his creator, the monster admits that his own agony was far worse than Victor's. He promises to build a massive funeral pyre, burn himself to ashes, and disappear into the icy darkness forever.

고등개방선택형문법의 정답이유를 쓰세요.

Vocabulary

[Word Insertion]

Word Bank: pyre / reluctantly / remote / ultimate / humanity / revenge / sorrow / relentlessly

The ancient king was placed on a wooden __________ to be burned after his death.

She __________ agreed to help her brother clean the messy room.

The explorers found a rare animal living on a __________ island in the Pacific.

Winning the gold medal at the Olympics was his __________ goal in life.

Global warming is a serious problem that threatens all of __________.

The villain in the movie swore __________ against the hero who defeated him.

He expressed deep __________ when he heard about his friend's illness.

The detective pursued the thief __________, never giving up the chase.

Vocabulary

Q1. Why did Victor destroy the half-finished female creature?

(1) The monster kindly asked him to stop making it.

(2) He wanted to build a different, more beautiful creature.

(3) He ran out of body parts and materials to finish it.

(4) He was afraid they would have children and destroy humanity.

Q2. Who was murdered on Victor's wedding night?

(1) Elizabeth Lavenza (2) Captain Robert Walton

(3) Alphonse Frankenstein (4) Henry Clerval

Q3. What did Victor do after losing everyone he loved?

(1) He built a time machine to save his family.

(2) He dedicated his life to hunting down the monster.

(3) He completely forgave the monster and moved on.

(4) He moved to South America to hide.

Q4. What did the monster do after Victor died?

(1) He attacked Captain Walton's crew.

(2) He laughed and celebrated his victory.

(3) He wept over Victor's body and promised to burn himself.

(4) He built his own female companion using science.

Q5. Where did Victor chase the monster to?

(1) The deep jungles of South America

(2) The frozen Arctic Ocean

(3) A sunny beach in Italy

(4) A remote island in Scotland

Q6. Who did the monster murder first after the female was destroyed?

(1) Henry Clerval (2) Elizabeth Lavenza

(3) Justine Moritz (4) Alphonse Frankenstein

Q7. What did the monster promise to do at the end of the story?

(1) Apologize to human society.

(2) Build a funeral pyre and burn himself to ashes.

(3) Take over Captain Walton's ship.

(4) Return to Geneva to kill more people.

Q8. Why was Victor accused of a crime?

(1) Because he stole a boat.

(2) Because Henry's dead body was found and Victor was blamed.

(3) Because he destroyed the female monster.

(4) Because he didn't pay his hotel bill.

Q9. Choose the synonym (유의어) for 'relentlessly'.

(1) without stopping (2) very slowly

(3) kindly and gently (4) with great hesitation

Q10. What does 'reluctantly' mean?

(1) with great excitement (2) in a very angry way

(3) very quickly (4) unwillingly or hesitantly

Q11. Choose the word that means 'a feeling of deep sadness or regret'.

(1) sorrow (2) humanity (3) tragedy (4) revenge

Q12. Choose the incorrect sentence.

(1) Victor was struck by a terrible thought.

(2) Walton rescued him in the Arctic.

(3) The monster broke into the room.

(4) He dedicated his life to hunt the creature.

Q13. Identify the grammatically incorrect sentence.

(1) Having lost everyone, he chased the monster.

(2) He traveled to a remote island.

(3) Victor chased the monster relentless.

(4) The monster was furious at this broken promise.

Q14. Which sentence contains an error?

(1) He promised to burning himself.

(2) The half-finished body was destroyed.

(3) Walton found the monster weeping.

(4) Terrified by the threat, Victor agreed.

Q15. Where is the best place to insert the following sentence?

He swore that Victor would pay a terrible price for tearing apart his only hope for happiness.

(1) [ A ] (2) [ B ] (3) [ C ] (4) [ D ]

[Paragraph Summary]

Word Bank: female / destroys / kills / hunting / Arctic / mourns

Victor starts making a (1)________ creature but (2)________ it out of fear. Angry, the monster (3)________ Victor's best friend and his wife. Victor spends the rest of his life (4)________ the monster to the (5). When Victor dies, the monster (6) his death and disappears.

TOEFL iBT Reading Mock Test

Reading Practice Set 1: Frankenstein

Passage 1: The Ambition and Hubris of Victor Frankenstein

Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, Frankenstein, is often considered the first true science fiction novel. It explores the dangerous consequences of unchecked scientific ambition. The protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, is a brilliant but overly ambitious young scientist who becomes obsessed with discovering the secret of life. Driven by a relentless desire to overcome human mortality, he isolates himself from his family and friends. He spends months in his secret laboratory, gathering body parts from charnel houses and conducting dark experiments.

On a dreary, stormy night in November, Victor finally succeeds in animating his creation. █ [A] He infuses a spark of life into the lifeless body he has assembled. █ [B] However, the reality of his success is terrifying. █ [C] Instead of the beautiful and glorious being he had envisioned in his mind, the creature's yellow eyes, translucent skin, and distorted features fill Victor with absolute horror and revulsion. █ [D] Unable to bear the sight of the grotesque monster he has brought into the world, Victor abandons it and flees his laboratory in a state of panic.

This immediate act of abandonment sets the stage for the tragic events that follow. Victor's fatal flaw is his hubris—his excessive pride and arrogant belief that he could conquer nature without facing the consequences. By acting as a creator but refusing to take responsibility for his creation, Victor commits a grave moral failure. He assumes the creature will simply disappear, ignoring the fact that he has brought a conscious, feeling being into existence. The novel suggests that scientific pursuit, when stripped of ethical responsibility and human compassion, ultimately leads to monstrous outcomes.

1. The word "relentless" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Unforgiving (B) Hesitant (C) Unstoppable (D) Temporary

2. According to paragraph 1, what did Victor do in order to discover the secret of life?

(A) He studied ancient magic books in the university library.

(B) He isolated himself and gathered body parts for experiments.

(C) He asked his professors for help with his dark experiments.

(D) He traveled around the world to find a cure for human mortality.

3. According to the passage, all of the following are true about Victor's creation EXCEPT:

(A) It was brought to life on a stormy night in November.

(B) It turned out to be physically beautiful as Victor had planned.

(C) It had yellow eyes and translucent skin.

(D) It caused Victor to feel absolute horror and revulsion.

4. The word "hubris" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Intelligence (B) Cowardice (C) Arrogance (D) Curiosity

5. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence: "By acting as a creator but refusing to take responsibility for his creation, Victor commits a grave moral failure."

(A) Victor's creation was a failure because it refused to take responsibility for its own actions.

(B) Victor makes a terrible moral mistake because he creates life but completely abandons his duty to care for it.

(C) The moral of the story is that creators must always be careful not to fail when conducting scientific experiments.

(D) Refusing to be a creator is a moral failure that Victor struggles with throughout the novel.

6. Inference: What can be inferred about Victor's expectations before he brought the creature to life?

(A) He expected the creature to be aggressive and violent.

(B) He anticipated that he would need to hide the creature from society.

(C) He believed his creation would be a magnificent and beautiful achievement.

(D) He knew the experiment would likely fail but tried anyway.

7. Rhetorical Purpose: Why does the author mention that Victor gathered body parts from "charnel houses"?

(A) To show that Victor was a highly respected medical doctor.

(B) To emphasize the gruesome and unnatural nature of his scientific methods.

(C) To explain why the creature was so physically strong.

(D) To illustrate the poor sanitary conditions of the 19th century.

8. Factual Information: What is identified as the direct cause of the tragic events that follow the creation?

(A) The storm that happened in November.

(B) The creature's lack of intelligence.

(C) Victor's immediate abandonment of the creature.

(D) Victor's family finding out about his secret laboratory.

9. Insert Text: Look at the four squares [ █ ] in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

He had expected to feel the immense joy of a proud father, but instead, he felt only profound disgust.

Where would the sentence best fit?

(A) Choice [A] (B) Choice [B] (C) Choice [C] (D) Choice [D]

10. Prose Summary: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.

Introduction: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein explores the dangers of scientific ambition through the story of Victor Frankenstein.

(A) Driven by excessive ambition, Victor creates life from dead body parts in a secret laboratory.

(B) Victor gathered materials from charnel houses and worked mostly during the night.

(C) Upon seeing the horrifying reality of his creation, Victor abandons the creature in a panic.

(D) Victor eventually realizes his mistake and returns to the laboratory to teach the creature how to speak.

(E) Victor's fatal flaw of hubris and his refusal to take moral responsibility for his creation lead to tragic consequences.

(F) The novel was written in 1818 and is considered the first true science fiction story in history.

Reading Practice Set 2: Frankenstein

Passage 2: The Creature’s Isolation and Vengeance

Unlike traditional monsters in horror literature, Frankenstein's creature is not born evil. Initially, he is a "tabula rasa"—a blank slate—with a benevolent nature and a deep, innate desire for human connection. █ [A] After being abandoned by his creator, the confused and innocent creature wanders into the harsh wilderness. █ [B] He eventually finds shelter in a small hovel attached to a cottage, where he secretly observes a family of peasants. █ [C] By watching them for months, he learns the concepts of empathy, love, and human customs. He even teaches himself to read and speak by listening to their conversations. █ [D] The creature longs to step out of the shadows and join their domestic circle. Because he possesses an articulate mind and a gentle heart, he naively believes that his eloquence and kindness will overcome his terrifying, unnatural appearance. Unfortunately, when he finally reveals himself to the family, their reaction is one of violent terror. They beat him and drive him away from the cottage. This brutal, unprovoked rejection serves as a psychological turning point for the creature. He realizes a painful truth: no matter how educated or kind he is on the inside, human society will never accept him because of his grotesque exterior.

Consumed by overwhelming despair and bitter anger, his innate goodness is permanently twisted. The creature declares a "everlasting war against the species." He turns his focus to vengeance against his creator, Victor Frankenstein, whom he entirely blames for his cursed and lonely existence. The creature demands that Victor create a female companion for him, one who shares his deformity and will not reject him. He threatens Victor with absolute destruction if this demand is denied. Through the creature's tragic transformation, the novel profoundly explores the theme of nature versus nurture, suggesting that the monster was not born a fiend, but was made into one by the cruel rejection of society.

11. The word "benevolent" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Violent (B) Kind (C) Intelligent (D) Mysterious

12. How does the creature learn to speak and read?

(A) Victor taught him before abandoning him.

(B) He secretly observes and listens to a peasant family.

(C) He finds a school in the wilderness and steals books.

(D) He is born with the natural ability to understand human languages.

13. What did the creature mistakenly believe before he revealed himself to the peasant family?

(A) He believed the family was blind and could not see his face.

(B) He believed Victor would come back to introduce him to the family.

(C) He believed his good personality and intelligence would make them ignore his ugly appearance.

(D) He believed the family would be afraid of him and run away immediately.

14. Why does the author use the phrase "tabula rasa—a blank slate" in the first paragraph?

(A) To emphasize that the creature had no memory of how he was created.

(B) To show that the creature was born innocent and without any natural evil.

(C) To explain why the creature could not learn to read or write easily.

(D) To describe the physical color of the creature's unusual skin.

15. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence: "Consumed by overwhelming despair and bitter anger, his innate goodness is permanently twisted."

(A) Because he is filled with hopelessness and rage, his naturally good character is ruined and changed for the worse.

(B) His goodness allows him to overcome his despair and anger permanently.

(C) He becomes angry because he realizes he was never actually good from the beginning.

(D) Despair and anger consume his twisted mind, making him forget his innate goodness.

16. The word "grotesque" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Huge (B) Deformed (C) Fascinating (D) Invisible

17. What does the creature demand from Victor Frankenstein after being rejected by society?

(A) He demands that Victor apologize to the peasant family.

(B) He demands that Victor make him look like a normal human.

(C) He demands that Victor build a female companion for him.

(D) He demands a large amount of money to leave the country.

18. According to the passage, all of the following are true about the creature EXCEPT:

(A) He was initially eager for human connection.

(B) He was physically attacked by the peasant family.

(C) He blamed Victor for his lonely existence.

(D) He eventually forgave humans for their cruel behavior.

19. Look at the four squares [ █ ] in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

In fact, he even helps the family by secretly gathering firewood for them during the cold nights.

Where would the sentence best fit?

(A) Choice [A] (B) Choice [B] (C) Choice [C] (D) Choice [D]

20. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.

Introduction: The creature in Frankenstein transforms from an innocent being into a vengeful monster due to his experiences with human society.

(A) Born innocent, the creature learns human empathy and language by observing a family from afar.

(B) The creature finds a hovel attached to a cottage where he hides from the harsh winter.

(C) When the creature tries to make friends, he is brutally rejected by humans solely because of his appearance.

(D) The creature demands a female companion from Victor so they can attack the peasant family together.

(E) The pain of isolation and rejection destroys his innate goodness, turning him toward a path of revenge against his creator.

(F) Victor Frankenstein eventually agrees to create a female monster, but he destroys it before it comes to life.

Chapter 1: The Call of the Sea

Ishmael is a young man who suffers from a deep sense of melancholy. Whenever he feels a "damp, drizzly November" in his soul and finds himself pausing before coffin warehouses, he decides that it 1. (is / was) high time to get to sea as soon as he can. This is his substitute for pistol and ball; it is his way of escaping the oppressive weight of the world. He travels to New Bedford, a bustling and famous whaling town, 2. (where / which) he seeks temporary lodging at the Spouter-Inn.

To his great surprise and initial horror, the inn is completely full, and he is forced to share a bed with a heavily tattooed "savage" named Queequeg. At first, Ishmael is 3. (frightening / frightened) by the harpooneer's wild appearance, his strange religious idol, and his tomahawk pipe. However, after spending the night together, Ishmael soon realizes that Queequeg possesses a noble, kind, and profoundly loyal heart. "Better sleep with a sober cannibal than a drunken Christian," he philosophizes.

The two quickly become bosom friends and decide to find a whaling ship together. They travel to Nantucket and sign up to join the Pequod, a heavily decorated whaling ship adorned with massive whale bones and teeth. The strict owners, Peleg and Bildad, are highly 4. (impressing / impressed) by Queequeg's extraordinary harpooning skills. However, as they leave the ship, they are confronted by a mysterious and ragged man named Elijah. He offers dark warnings about the ship's unseen captain, Ahab. Elijah cryptically hints that joining this specific voyage might be the 5. (more dangerous / most dangerous) decision of their lives, as their souls might be bound to Ahab's dark fate.

Despite the unsettling warning, Ishmael and Queequeg board the ship. On a freezing Christmas Day, the Pequod sets sail into the vast, unpredictable ocean. The crew is a diverse group of men from all over the globe, united by the common, brutal job of hunting whales. Yet, for several days, the captain remains entirely hidden in his cabin below deck. Little 6. (they know / do they know) that this voyage is not for hunting ordinary whales for oil. Ahab has a secret, vengeful purpose that will eventually lead them all into the heart of darkness. The journey begins with a sense of grand adventure, but a heavy shadow already hangs over the Pequod.

고등개방선택형문법의 정답이유를 쓰세요.

Vocabulary

[Word Insertion: 빈칸 삽입 문제]

Word Box: [melancholy / massive / confront / cryptic / unsettling / diverse / brutal / possess]

He was born with a great talent, but he didn't ________ the discipline to use it.

The weather was so hot and humid that it created a(n) ________ feeling in the room. (※ 본문 유사어 변형 없이 oppressive 대신 출제 가능한 단어 확인, 여기서는 문맥상 melancholy 사용) -> The sad movie left her in a state of deep ________ for days.

A ________ storm destroyed the small coastal village overnight.

We must ________ our fears if we want to grow and succeed in life.

The detective found a ________ note at the crime scene that was hard to understand.

The news of the sudden earthquake was highly ________ to the local residents.

The university is proud to have a very ________ student body from over 50 countries.

The ancient Romans enjoyed watching ________ gladiator fights in the Colosseum.

[Chapter 1 Quiz]

Why does Ishmael decide to go to sea?

(A) To learn how to make coffins (B) To escape his deep sense of melancholy

(C) To buy a new pistol (D) To visit the town of New Bedford

Where does Ishmael find temporary lodging?

(A) On the Pequod (B) At a coffin warehouse

(C) At the Spouter-Inn (D) In a church in Nantucket

What is Ishmael's first reaction when he sees Queequeg?

(A) He is fascinated by his tattoos.

(B) He is frightened by his wild appearance.

(C) He immediately wants to be his friend.

(D) He asks him about his religion.

What conclusion does Ishmael reach about Queequeg after spending the night with him?

(A) Queequeg is a dangerous cannibal.

(B) Queequeg possesses a kind and loyal heart.

(C) Queequeg drinks too much alcohol.

(D) Queequeg is not a good harpooneer.

What is the Pequod decorated with?

(A) Gold and silver coins

(B) Colorful flags from different countries

(C) Massive whale bones and teeth

(D) Beautiful paintings of the ocean

Why do the owners, Peleg and Bildad, hire Queequeg?

(A) They are impressed by his extraordinary harpooning skills.

(B) They feel sorry for him.

(C) Ishmael paid them to hire Queequeg.

(D) They need a cook for the ship.

Who gives Ishmael and Queequeg a cryptic warning about Captain Ahab?

(A) Starbuck (B) Bildad (C) Elijah (D) Father Mapple

Which of the following is TRUE about the beginning of the voyage?

(A) The weather was warm and sunny on Christmas Day. (B) Captain Ahab greeted everyone on the deck cheerfully.

(C) The crew was made up of men from only one country. (D) Ahab stayed hidden in his cabin for several days.

9. The dictator ruled the country with an ________ hand, giving no freedom to the people.

(A) oppressive (B) ordinary (C) empty (D) innocent

10. Her instructions were so ________ that no one knew exactly what to do.

(A) massive (B) cryptic (C) loyal (D) temporary

11. The soldier swore a ________ oath to hunt down the enemies who ruined his hometown.

(A) vengeful (B) diverse (C) ragged (D) substitute

12. 다음 중 문법적으로 틀린 문장은?

(A) The house which I live in is very old.

(B) He was surprising by the unexpected news.

(C) She is the most intelligent student in the class.

(D) Little did she know about the secret plan.

13. 다음 중 밑줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?

(A) This is the city where I was born.

(B) The letter written by him was moving.

(C) Never I have seen such a beautiful sunset.

(D) I have a friend whose mother is a teacher.

14. 다음 괄호 안의 어법이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?

The boy ( playing / played ) the piano is my brother. He has a dog ( who / which ) is very smart.

(A) playing - who (B) played - which

(C) playing - which (D) played – who

15. 다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 알맞은 곳은?

He offers dark warnings about the ship's unseen captain, Ahab.

(A) The strict owners are highly impressed by Queequeg's skills. (B) However, as they leave the ship, they are confronted by a mysterious man named Elijah. (C) Elijah cryptically hints that joining this voyage might be dangerous. (D) Despite the unsettling warning, they board the ship.

[Chapter 1 Summary & Blank Fill]

Word Box: [escape / profound / confronted / voyage / diverse / hidden]

Summary: Ishmael decides to go on a ( 1 ) to ( 2 ) his melancholy. He meets Queequeg, and despite initial fears, they form a ( 3 ) friendship. They join the Pequod but are ( 4 ) by Elijah who gives a dark warning. The ( 5 ) crew sets sail, but Captain Ahab remains ( 6 ) below deck.

Chapter 2: The Quarter-Deck Oath

For several days after leaving the port, the crew worked tirelessly under the direction of the mates, but Captain Ahab remained an invisible ghost, hidden away in his dark cabin. Finally, one morning, he emerged onto the quarter-deck. His appearance was truly striking and somewhat terrifying. A thin, rod-like scar ran down his face and neck, and he stood firmly on a false leg 1. (making / made) of white whalebone. Ahab called the entire crew together with a voice that cracked like a whip. He nailed a heavy gold doubloon to the mainmast and promised it to the first man 2. (who / whose) spotted a white-headed whale with a wrinkled brow and a crooked jaw. "Moby Dick!" he shouted, and the crew roared in response.

Starbuck, the pragmatic first mate, was the only one who dared to show resistance. He argued that their primary job was to hunt whales for oil to bring profit to the ship's owners, not to seek personal revenge. "I came here to hunt whales, not my commander’s nightmares," Starbuck 3. (muttered / was muttered). However, Ahab’s charisma and his intense, monomaniacal passion were so overwhelming 4. (that / which) the crew was easily persuaded. Ahab explained that Moby Dick was the very monster that had reaped his leg, leaving him a broken and vengeful man.

To seal their commitment, Ahab forced the three harpooneers—Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo—to cross their weapons. He poured fiery grog into the hollow sockets of their harpoon heads and made them drink a deadly oath to hunt Moby Dick to the death. The crew cheered wildly, 5. (infected / infecting) by Ahab's growing madness. Starbuck stood alone in his silent disagreement, sensing that this dark obsession would eventually bring total ruin to them all. 6. (Have / Having) secured the crew's loyalty through fear and greed, Ahab felt a dark sense of triumph. The Pequod was no longer a commercial vessel; it had become a weapon of pure vengeance sailing into a stormy future.

고등개방선택형문법의 정답이유를 쓰세요.

Vocabulary

[Word Insertion: 빈칸 삽입 문제]

Word Box: [ invisible / emerge / primary / overwhelming / obsession / commitment / vengeance / vessel ]

The sun began to ________ from behind the clouds after the rain stopped.

The virus is ________ to the naked eye, so we must use a microscope to see it.

Our ________ goal this semester is to improve our English reading skills.

He sought ________ against the man who had cheated his family out of their money.

The support from his fans was so ________ that the singer started to cry on stage.

To be a great athlete, you need a strong ________ to daily training.

Her ________ with cleanliness makes her wash her hands twenty times a day.

The large fishing ________ was caught in a dangerous storm in the middle of the ocean.

[Chapter 2 Quiz]

1. How did Captain Ahab behave during the first few days of the voyage?

(A) He gave speeches to the crew every morning.

(B) He stayed hidden in his cabin.

(C) He helped the sailors with their work.

(D) He ate dinner with Ishmael and Queequeg.

2. What is unusual about Captain Ahab's physical appearance?

(A) He has a long beard made of whale hair.

(B) He has a scar on his face and a leg made of whalebone.

(C) He is much shorter than the other sailors.

(D) He wears a gold crown on his head.

3. What reward does Ahab offer to the first man who sees Moby Dick?

(A) A new harpoon (B) A gold doubloon

(C) Extra food for a month (D) A promotion to mate

4. How does Moby Dick's appearance described by Ahab?

(A) A small, blue whale with a smooth tail

(B) A white-headed whale with a crooked jaw

(C) A black whale with three eyes

(D) A friendly whale that follows ships

5. Why does Starbuck disagree with Ahab's plan?

(A) He is afraid of the white whale.

(B) He thinks the gold coin is fake.

(C) He believes they should focus on profit, not revenge.

(D) He wants to return home to see his wife.

6. What word best describes Ahab's passion in this chapter?

(A) Lazy (B) Kind (C) Overwhelming (D) Bored

7. What did the harpooneers do to swear their oath?

(A) They sang a traditional whaling song.

(B) They drank from the sockets of their harpoons.

(C) They promised to give Ahab their salary.

(D) They threw their weapons into the sea.

8. According to the end of the chapter, what has the Pequod become?

(A) A weapon of vengeance (B) A school for young sailors

(C) A famous commercial ship (D) A ghost ship with no crew

9. The detective had an ________ with finding the truth, even if it was dangerous.

(A) invisible (B) obsession (C) emerge (D) vessel

The ________ reason for the meeting was to discuss the new school rules.

(A) primary (B) crooked (C) fiery (D) striky

She felt a strong ________ to her job and always worked late.

(A) commitment (B) resistance (C) vengeance (D) socket

12. 다음 중 문법적으로 틀린 문장은?

(A) The cake making by my sister is delicious.

(B) I know the girl who won the first prize.

(C) The movie was so exciting that I watched it twice.

(D) Having finished the work, she went home.

다음 중 밑줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?

(A) This is the house where my grandfather lived.

(B) The car stolen yesterday was found in the woods.

(C) Little he realized that the situation was dangerous.

(D) I have a book whose cover is very beautiful.

다음 괄호 안의 어법이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?

The man ( standing / stood ) there is a famous actor. He has a car ( which / who ) is very expensive.

(A) standing - who (B) stood - which

(C) standing - which (D) stood - who

15. 다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 알맞은 곳은?

"I came here to hunt whales, not my commander’s nightmares," Starbuck muttered.

(A) Starbuck was the only one who dared to show resistance. (B) He argued that their primary job was to hunt whales for profit. (C) However, Ahab’s charisma was so overwhelming that the crew was easily persuaded. (D) Ahab explained that Moby Dick was the monster that reaped his leg.

[Chapter 2 Summary & Blank Fill]

Word Box: [ striking / revenge / commitment / persuaded / obsession / vengeance]

Summary: Ahab finally appears with a ( 1 ) appearance and offers a reward for finding Moby Dick. Starbuck opposes him, but the crew is ( 2 ) by Ahab's passion. The sailors make a deep ( 3 ) to hunt the whale. Starbuck fears that Ahab's dark ( 4 ) will lead them to ruin.

Chapter 3: The Gathering Storm

The Pequod continued its journey into the vast Pacific Ocean, 1. (encountered / encountering) various whaling ships along the way. In the whaling tradition, when two ships meet at sea, they have a "gam"—a social visit to exchange news and letters. However, Captain Ahab had no interest in small talk. He only shouted one question to every passing ship: "Have ye seen the White Whale?" They met the ship Jeroboam, 2. (which / whose) crew was suffering from a terrible plague. A crazed prophet on board named Gabriel warned Ahab in a terrifying voice to stay away from Moby Dick, calling the whale a "god" that should not be disturbed.

As they sailed further, a massive and violent typhoon struck the Pequod. The ship was tossed like a toy in the dark, towering waves. Suddenly, the masts 3. (are / were) lit up with an eerie electrical phenomenon known as St. Elmo's fire. The tips of the masts and the harpoons glowed with a ghostly white light. Starbuck saw this as a clear warning from heaven to turn the ship back. He even considered 4. (to kill / killing) the sleeping Ahab with a musket to save the crew from certain destruction, but his moral conscience prevented him from pulling the trigger. Ahab, completely fearless and defiant, grabbed the burning harpoons with his bare hands and 5. (defying / defied) the lightning, shouting that he would never turn back.

During the chaos of another storm, the young cabin boy Pip fell overboard. Because the whaleboats were busy, he 6. (is left / was left) alone in the middle of the endless, silent ocean for several hours. When he was finally rescued, the sheer terror of the lonely abyss had driven him completely mad. He spoke in riddles and claimed he had seen the foot of God on the floor of the ocean. Ahab, feeling a strange and dark connection to the boy’s madness, took Pip under his protection. The atmosphere on the ship grew increasingly heavy with tension as they neared the equator, the very territory where Moby Dick was known to roam.

고등개방선택형문법의 정답이유를 쓰세요.

Vocabulary

[Word Insertion: 빈칸 삽입 문제]

Word Box: [tradition / disturb / phenomenon / conscience / abyss / territory / roam / tension]

Please do not ________ the students while they are taking their final exam.

The northern lights are a beautiful natural ________ that can be seen in cold regions.

According to our school ________, we wear special uniforms on graduation day.

He couldn't lie to his parents because his ________ told him it was wrong.

Wolves usually ________ the forest at night in search of food.

The explorers were afraid of falling into the dark ________ of the deep cave.

The two neighboring countries are fighting over a small piece of ________.

There was a lot of ________ in the room as everyone waited for the test results.

[Chapter 3 Quiz]

What is a "gam" in the context of this story?

(A) A type of whale meat

(B) A social visit between two ships at sea

(C) A dangerous storm in the Pacific

(D) A game sailors play to pass time

Why did the prophet Gabriel warn Ahab?

(A) Because his ship was sinking

(B) Because he thought Moby Dick was a god

(C) Because he wanted Ahab's gold doubloon

(D) Because he was hungry

What eerie phenomenon happened during the typhoon?

(A) The ocean turned bright red.

(B) St. Elmo's fire lit up the masts and harpoons.

(C) A giant whale jumped over the ship.

(D) All the sailors started to sing in their sleep.

How did Starbuck interpret the lightning storm?

(A) As a sign of good luck

(B) As a warning from heaven to turn back

(C) As a natural event with no meaning

(D) As a way to find more whales

Why didn't Starbuck kill Ahab while he was sleeping?

(A) Because Ahab woke up suddenly.

(B) Because he didn't have a weapon.

(C) Because his moral conscience stopped him.

(D) Because he actually liked Ahab's plan.

How did Ahab show his defiance during the storm?

(A) He hid in the kitchen.

(B) He grabbed the burning harpoons with his bare hands.

(C) He ordered the crew to pray.

(D) He jumped into the ocean to cool off.

What happened to Pip after he was left in the ocean?

(A) He learned how to swim perfectly.

(B) He caught a small whale by himself.

(C) He lost his mind due to terror and loneliness.

(D) He found a hidden treasure on the sea floor.

Where is the Pequod at the end of this chapter?

(A) Returning to Nantucket

(B) Sailing near the equator

(C) Docked at a safe island

(D) In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

9. The soldiers entered the enemy's ________ to gather information.

(A) abyss (B) territory (C) tradition (D) conscience

The ghost story was so ________ that I couldn't sleep at all.

(A) eerie (B) sheer (C) towering (D) defiant

The ________ of the situation made everyone feel very nervous.

(A) plague (B) tension (C) prophet (D) phenomenon

12. 다음 중 문법적으로 틀린 문장은?

(A) He finished to write the report.

(B) She considered moving to a new city.

(C) I don't mind waiting for you.

(D) They enjoyed playing soccer yesterday.

다음 중 밑줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?

(A) I saw a boy crying in the street.

(B) The news was very shocked.

(C) I have a friend whose name is Jane.

(D) Not knowing what to do, she asked for help.

빈칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?

I have a sister ( ) is a doctor. She lives in a house ( ) roof is red.

(A) who - who (B) who - whose

(C) whose - which (D) who - which

15. 다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 알맞은 곳은?

He even considered killing the sleeping Ahab with a musket to save the crew.

(A) Starbuck saw the storm as a warning from heaven. (B) However, his moral conscience prevented him from pulling the trigger. (C) Ahab grabbed the burning harpoons and defied the lightning. (D) The young cabin boy Pip fell overboard during the chaos.

[Chapter 3 Summary & Blank Fill]

Word Box: [ warning / prophet / defiant / overboard / madness / tension]

Summary: The Pequod meets a ( 1 ) who tells them to stay away from the whale. During a violent typhoon, Ahab remains ( 2 ) even when the ship is lit by eerie fire. Starbuck thinks the storm is a ( 3 ). Pip falls ( 4 ) and loses his mind, and Ahab feels a bond with the boy's ( 5 ).

Chapter 4: The Final Catastrophe

The long-awaited encounter with Moby Dick finally arrived, beginning a chase that lasted for three intense and bloody days. On the first day, the White Whale rose from the sea and 1. (smashes / smashed) Ahab’s whaleboat into pieces with its massive jaws. Ahab was thrown into the sea but was rescued just in time. On the second day, the chase became even more violent. The mysterious harpooneer Fedallah was lost, 2. (strapping / strapped) to the whale’s back by the very harpoon lines he had used to strike the beast. This sight fulfilled a dark prophecy that Fedallah would die before Ahab.

On the third and final day, the air was still and the ocean seemed to wait for the end. Moby Dick rose from the deep like a white mountain of foam. Instead of just attacking the small boats, the angry whale rammed the Pequod itself, 3. (sinking / sunk) the massive wooden ship almost instantly. The crew watched in horror as their home began to vanish into the dark abyss. In his final act of hatred and defiance, Ahab threw his harpoon at the whale’s side, shouting his last curse. However, as the whale dove, the harpoon rope looped around Ahab's neck, and he was 4. (dragging / dragged) out of the boat and into the sea by his own weapon.

As the Pequod sank, it created a powerful and terrifying vortex that pulled everything—boats, equipment, and men—down into the depths. Everyone on the ship 5. (has / had) vanished into the water before any help could arrive. Only Ishmael survived. By a miracle of fate, he was 6. (floated / floating) on the empty wooden coffin that Queequeg had built for himself when he was sick. Ishmael drifted alone for a day and a night, surrounded only by the silent sharks and the vast sky. Finally, the ship Rachel, which was still searching for its own lost sailors, found him and pulled him to safety. The great hunt was over, and the indifferent ocean rolled on, just as it had for thousands of years.

고등개방선택형문법의 정답이유를 쓰세요.

Vocabulary

[Word Insertion: 빈칸 삽입 문제]

Word Box: [ catastrophe / intense / fulfill / instantly / hatred / miracle / coffin / indifferent]

It was a ________ that nobody was hurt in the serious car accident.

The competition between the two teams was very ________ and exciting.

If you make a promise to your friends, you should try to ________ it.

If you press this red button, the machine will stop ________.

He looked at his enemy with eyes full of ________ and anger.

The flood was a major ________ that destroyed many homes in the valley.

The nature can be ________ to the problems and sufferings of humans.

In some cultures, people put beautiful flowers on the ________ during a funeral.

[Chapter 4 Quiz]

How long did the final chase of Moby Dick last?

(A) One day (B) Three days (C) One week (D) Ten days

What happened to Ahab on the first day of the chase?

(A) He killed Moby Dick.

(B) His boat was smashed by the whale.

(C) He decided to quit the hunt.

(D) He caught a different whale.

How did Fedallah die on the second day?

(A) He fell ill with a plague.

(B) He was dragged into the sea by a shark.

(C) He was strapped to the whale's back by harpoon lines.

(D) Ahab accidentally hit him with a harpoon.

What did Moby Dick do to the Pequod on the third day?

(A) It swam away from the ship.

(B) It rammed and sank the ship.

(C) It jumped over the ship.

(D) It followed the ship quietly.

How did Captain Ahab die?

(A) He was eaten by a shark.

(B) He was caught in a rope and dragged into the sea.

(C) He died of old age on the ship.

(D) Starbuck shot him with a musket.

What happened to the rest of the crew when the ship sank?

(A) They swam to a nearby island.

(B) They were pulled down by a powerful vortex.

(C) They were rescued by the whale.

(D) They escaped in a small boat.

How did Ishmael manage to survive the sinking of the ship?

(A) He was a very fast swimmer.

(B) He floated on Queequeg's empty coffin.

(C) He hid in a secret part of the ship.

(D) He was rescued by the prophet Gabriel.

Which ship finally rescued Ishmael?

(A) The Pequod (B) The Jeroboam

(C) The Rachel (D) The Samuel Enderby

9. The magician made the rabbit ________ from the empty hat.

(A) vanish (B) fulfill (C) ram (D) drift

The ________ heat in the desert made it hard for the travelers to walk.

(A) indifferent (B) intense (C) instant (D) miracle

She felt a deep ________ for the person who had lied to her.

(A) foam (B) hatred (C) vortex (D) catastrophe

12. 다음 중 문법적으로 틀린 것은?

(A) The window broken by the wind was fixed.

(B) I saw a cat sitting on the roof.

(C) He is much more taller than his brother.

(D) Having lost his way, he called his friend.

다음 괄호 안의 동사 형태가 바르게 짝지어진 것은?

When I reached the airport, the plane (already take off). So I (have) to wait for the next one.

(A) had already taken off – had (B) has already taken off - had

(C) already took off – has (D) had already taken off – has

밑줄 친 분사구문의 의미가 올바르지 않은 것은?

(A) Smiling at me, he said hello. (동시동작)

(B) Born in Korea, he speaks Korean well. (이유)

(C) Left alone, the baby started to cry. (시간/이유)

(D) Writed by a famous author, the book is popular. (수동)

15. 다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 알맞은 곳은?

This sight fulfilled a dark prophecy that Fedallah would die before Ahab.

(A) On the second day, the chase became even more violent. (B) Fedallah was lost, strapped to the whale’s back by harpoon lines. (C) On the third and final day, the air was still. (D) Moby Dick rose from the deep like a white mountain.

[Chapter 4 Summary & Blank Fill]

Word Box: [ catastrophe / fulfill / sinking / dragged / coffin / indifferent]

Summary: The final chase ends in a ( 1 ) for the Pequod. Moby Dick destroys the ship by ( 2 ) it. Ahab is ( 3 ) into the sea by his own rope, and his prophecy is ( 4 ). Only Ishmael survives by floating on a ( 5 ). In the end, the ocean remains ( 6 ) to their fate.

리드101 자곡영어 TOEFL iBT Reading Mock Test

Reading Practice Set 1: Moby Dick

Passage 1: The Symbolism of the White Whale

Herman Melville’s 1851 novel, Moby Dick, is widely regarded as a masterpiece of American literature. On the surface, the novel tells the story of a whaling voyage aboard the ship Pequod. However, beneath this narrative lies a complex exploration of philosophical and psychological themes. Central to the novel is the great white whale itself, which serves as a profound symbol that is interpreted differently by the various characters, most notably Captain Ahab and the narrator, Ishmael.

For Captain Ahab, Moby Dick is the ultimate embodiment of malicious evil. Ahab lost his leg to the whale in a previous encounter, and this traumatic event transformed him into a monomaniac. █ [A] Instead of viewing the whale as a simple, instinct-driven animal, Ahab projects his own inner demons and hatred onto the creature. █ [B] He perceives the whale's white hump as a "pasteboard mask" that hides a conscious, calculating, and hostile force. █ [C] Consequently, Ahab’s relentless pursuit of Moby Dick is not driven by the commercial goal of harvesting whale oil, but by an obsessive desire to strike back at the cruel forces of the universe that the whale represents. █ [D]

Ishmael, on the other hand, views the whale through a more philosophical and fearful lens. In a famous chapter titled "The Whiteness of the Whale," Ishmael explains that it is the whale’s color—or rather, its lack of color—that makes it so terrifying. To Ishmael, the whiteness represents the empty, indifferent, and godless void of the universe. While humans try to find meaning and morality in nature, Ishmael suggests that nature is fundamentally neutral and uncaring. The white whale is terrifying precisely because it has no inherent moral purpose; it is an indestructible force of nature that simply exists, indifferent to human suffering or desires.

Ultimately, Moby Dick represents the uncontrollable and unknowable aspects of the natural world. Ahab's tragic flaw is his refusal to accept human limitations. By attempting to conquer the invincible whale, Ahab leads himself and his entire crew—except for Ishmael—to complete destruction. The novel suggests that when human beings project their own arrogance and revenge onto nature, they are doomed to be crushed by its overwhelming power.

1. The word "embodiment" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Rejection (B) Representation (C) Transformation (D) Discovery

2. According to paragraph 2, why does Captain Ahab hunt Moby Dick?

(A) To become the wealthiest whaling captain in Nantucket.

(B) To collect a rare and valuable type of whale oil.

(C) To strike back at the hostile universal forces he believes the whale represents.

(D) To protect other whaling ships from being attacked by the creature.

3. According to the passage, all of the following are true about Ahab EXCEPT:

(A) He lost his leg to Moby Dick in a previous encounter.

(B) He views the whale as an instinct-driven animal.

(C) He projects his own hatred onto the white whale.

(D) His pursuit of the whale leads his crew to destruction.

4. The word "relentless" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Unforgiving (B) Hesitant (C) Unstoppable (D) Commercial

5. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3: "While humans try to find meaning and morality in nature, Ishmael suggests that nature is fundamentally neutral and uncaring."

(A) Humans are fundamentally neutral, which makes it difficult for them to find morality in nature.

(B) Ishmael believes that nature cares deeply about humans, even though humans struggle to find meaning.

(C) Although people look for moral significance in the natural world, Ishmael argues that nature is actually indifferent to human concerns.

(D) Nature is uncaring because humans refuse to try to find meaning and morality in the universe.

6. What can be inferred from Ishmael's thoughts on "The Whiteness of the Whale"?

(A) He thinks white whales are easier to hunt than black whales.

(B) He finds the absence of meaning in the universe more frightening than active evil.

(C) He agrees with Ahab that the whale is a conscious, malicious monster.

(D) He believes that the color white always symbolizes purity and goodness.

7. Why does the author mention that Ahab's pursuit is "not driven by the commercial goal of harvesting whale oil"?

(A) To show that Ahab was a very wealthy man who didn't need money.

(B) To emphasize the irrational and purely vengeful nature of his quest.

(C) To explain why the crew of the Pequod mutinied against him.

(D) To criticize the whaling industry of the 19th century.

8. What does the author identify as Captain Ahab's "tragic flaw"?

(A) His lack of experience in navigating the Pacific Ocean.

(B) His refusal to listen to Ishmael's philosophical advice.

(C) His inability to accept the limitations of human beings.

(D) His decision to hire a diverse and inexperienced crew.

9. Look at the four squares [ █ ] in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

To him, the creature is not merely a beast of the ocean, but the physical form of all his psychological suffering.

Where would the sentence best fit?

(A) Choice [A] (B) Choice [B] (C) Choice [C] (D) Choice [D]

10. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.

Introduction: In Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, the white whale serves as a complex symbol that reflects the differing perspectives of the characters.

(A) For Captain Ahab, Moby Dick represents a malicious, conscious evil that he obsessively seeks to destroy for revenge.

(B) Whaling in the 19th century was a highly dangerous profession that required sailors to travel across the globe.

(C) Ishmael views the whale's whiteness as a terrifying symbol of the universe's indifferent and godless emptiness.

(D) Ahab's false leg was carved from the jawbone of a sperm whale he caught early in his career.

(E) The novel concludes that attempting to conquer the invincible forces of nature out of arrogance leads to ultimate destruction.

(F) Herman Melville wrote Moby Dick in 1851, but it did not become famous until many years after his death.

Reading Practice Set 2: Moby Dick

Passage 2: The Pequod as a Microcosm of Society

In addition to its rich philosophical symbolism, Herman Melville’s Moby Dick offers a profound commentary on 19th-century American society and the rising forces of global capitalism. The whaling ship Pequod functions as a microcosm—a miniature representation of the world. █[A] Its crew is remarkably diverse, consisting of men from every continent, social class, and religious background. █[B] Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, Africans, and Europeans all work side by side. █[C] This diverse group is united by a single, brutal purpose: the industrial slaughter of whales for profit. █[D]

The Pequod itself operates much like a floating factory. During the 19th century, whale oil was a crucial commodity, used to lubricate the machinery of the Industrial Revolution and light the homes of the growing middle class. The scenes aboard the ship vividly describe the bloody, mechanical process of turning a living creature into a commercial product. The massive brick ovens on the deck, called try-works, are used to boil down the whale blubber into oil. When lit at night, the fires of the try-works give the ship a hellish appearance, reflecting the destructive and consuming nature of industrial capitalism.

Despite the diversity of the crew, the ship maintains a strict, unyielding hierarchy. At the top sits Captain Ahab, functioning as an absolute dictator. Below him are the mates, who act as managers, and at the bottom are the harpooneers and common sailors, who perform the physical labor. Interestingly, it is the non-white harpooneers—Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo—who possess the most vital skills for the ship's success, yet they remain subordinate to the white officers. This dynamic subtly critiques the racial and economic inequalities inherent in the society of Melville’s time.

The ultimate tragedy of the Pequod lies in how easily this rational, industrial hierarchy is hijacked by an irrational leader. Ahab uses the structural discipline of the ship and the financial greed of the crew (symbolized by the gold doubloon) to bend them to his personal, mad will. He transforms a commercial enterprise into a suicidal crusade. Through this, Melville warns of the dangers of charismatic but obsessed leaders who can lead a willing, organized society straight into the abyss.

1. The word "microcosm" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) A small-scale model of a larger system. (B) A large ocean vessel used for hunting.

(C) A historical record of past events. (D) A complicated mechanical device.

2. According to paragraph 2, what was whale oil primarily used for in the 19th century?

(A) Creating perfumes and cosmetics for the upper class.

(B) Fueling the try-works fires on whaling ships.

(C) Lubricating machinery and lighting homes.

(D) Cooking food for the diverse crew of the Pequod.

3. What are the "try-works" described in the passage?

(A) The strict rules governing the sailors' behavior.

(B) Massive brick ovens used to boil whale blubber into oil.

(C) The sharp harpoons used by Queequeg and Tashtego.

(D) The management system used by the ship's mates.

4. What does the author imply about the harpooneers (Queequeg, Tashtego, Daggoo)?

(A) They were secretly planning a mutiny against Ahab.

(B) They lacked the physical strength of the white officers.

(C) Their social status on the ship did not reflect the true value of their skills.

(D) They were the only ones who understood Ahab's true intentions.

5. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4: "Ahab uses the structural discipline of the ship and the financial greed of the crew (symbolized by the gold doubloon) to bend them to his personal, mad will."

(A) Ahab gives the crew a gold doubloon so they will forget about the ship's discipline and follow his orders instead.

(B) By manipulating the crew's desire for money and the ship's strict rules, Ahab forces everyone to participate in his crazy revenge plan.

(C) The crew's financial greed is so strong that Ahab has to use strict discipline to stop them from stealing the gold doubloon.

(D) Ahab's mad will is caused by his desire to steal the gold doubloon from the disciplined crew.

6. The word "hijacked" in the passage is closest in meaning to:

(A) Improved (B) Seized control of (C) Abandoned (D) Ignored

7. Why does the author describe the fires of the try-works as giving the ship a "hellish appearance"?

(A) To emphasize the dangerously hot weather in the Pacific Ocean.

(B) To symbolize the destructive and dark nature of industrial capitalism.

(C) To show that the crew was careless with fire on a wooden ship.

(D) To explain why the whale oil was of poor quality.

8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the Pequod?

(A) Its crew is entirely composed of white Europeans.

(B) It functions much like a floating factory.

(C) It maintains a strict hierarchy with Ahab as an absolute dictator.

(D) It is transformed from a commercial enterprise into a suicidal crusade.

9. Look at the four squares [ █ ] in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

By bringing together such a varied group of people in one isolated space, Melville creates a miniature version of humanity itself.

Where would the sentence best fit?

(A) Choice [A] (B) Choice [B] (C) Choice [C] (D) Choice [D]

10. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.

Introduction: The whaling ship Pequod serves as a powerful metaphor for 19th-century society and industrial capitalism.

(A) The ship represents a microcosm of the world, with a highly diverse crew united by the goal of industrial profit.

(B) Whale blubber was boiled down in massive brick ovens on the deck, which was a very dangerous process.

(C) A strict hierarchy exists on the ship, subtly critiquing the racial and economic inequalities of Melville's time.

(D) Captain Ahab successfully uses the try-works to produce more whale oil than any other ship in the ocean.

(E) The tragedy occurs when Ahab exploits the ship's discipline and the crew's greed to turn an industrial mission into his own obsessive, fatal crusade.

(F) Native Americans and Pacific Islanders were often hired because they demanded less pay than European sailors.

Chapter 1: The Arrival at Netherfield

The peaceful village of Longbourn is suddenly thrown into excitement when a wealthy young gentleman named Mr. Bingley rents the nearby Netherfield estate. Mrs. Bennet, a woman 1(who / whose) sole purpose in life is to marry off her five daughters, is thrilled by the news. She immediately insists that her husband visit Mr. Bingley to secure an introduction. The Bennets have five daughters: Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, and Lydia. Jane, the eldest, is widely considered the most beautiful, while Elizabeth is known for her sharp wit and independent spirit. Soon after his arrival, Mr. Bingley attends a local ball in Meryton, bringing along his two sisters and his closest friend, Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy. At the ball, Mr. Bingley proves to be charming and dances twice with Jane, 2(showing / shown) his obvious admiration for her. However, Mr. Darcy makes a terrible first impression. Although he is incredibly wealthy and handsome, he is perceived as proud, arrogant, and extremely disagreeable. When Bingley suggests that Darcy dance with Elizabeth, who is sitting out, Darcy coldly remarks that she is "tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me." Elizabeth overhears this insult but handles it with a playful sense of humor, though she secretly forms a strong prejudice against him. Meanwhile, Jane and Bingley's affection for each other continues to grow. Jane is invited to Netherfield but catches a severe cold on the way and is forced 3(to stay / staying) there for several days. Concerned for her sister, Elizabeth walks three miles through muddy fields to visit her. When she arrives, her muddy skirts and messy hair shock Bingley’s snobbish sisters, but Darcy finds himself surprisingly captivated by the brilliant expression in her dark eyes. During her stay, Elizabeth engages in sharp, witty debates with Darcy, firmly establishing their dynamic of intellectual sparring. Although Darcy begins to feel an unexpected attraction, Elizabeth remains completely unaware, 4(convinced / convincing) that he is nothing more than a haughty aristocrat. She is relieved when Jane finally recovers and they return home, far away from Darcy’s 5(intimidating / intimidated) presence. Little do they know, this brief encounter has set the stage for a complex web of misunderstandings 6(that / what) will change their lives forever.

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Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Word Bank: [estate / arrogant / prejudice / severe / captivate / haughty / aristocrat / encounter]

Mr. Bingley rented a large _______ in the countryside.

Darcy's refusal to dance made everyone think he was highly _______.

Elizabeth formed a strong _______ against Darcy after hearing his insult.

Jane caught a _______ cold while riding her horse in the heavy rain.

Darcy was _______ by the intelligence shining in Elizabeth's dark eyes.

Bingley's sisters were known for their _______ and unwelcoming behavior towards poor people.

Darcy was a wealthy _______ with a grand house in Derbyshire.

Their first _______ at the Meryton ball was not a pleasant one.

Chapter 2: Proposals and Deceptions

Mr. Collins, a ridiculous and pompous clergyman who will inherit the Bennet estate upon Mr. Bennet's death, arrives in Longbourn. He confidently proposes to Elizabeth, assuming she will gladly accept. She firmly rejects him, 1(which / what) deeply offends his pride. Shortly after, the practical Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas, who accepts him purely for financial security, shocking Elizabeth. Meanwhile, a handsome and charming militia officer named George Wickham arrives in town. He quickly befriends Elizabeth and tells her a tragic story: he claims that Darcy 2(had ruined / has ruined) his life by jealously denying him a promised inheritance. This false story deepens Elizabeth's prejudice against Darcy, making her view him as a cruel tyrant. Suddenly, the Bingley party leaves Netherfield and returns to London, 3(leaving / left) Jane completely heartbroken. Elizabeth strongly suspects that Darcy and Bingley's snobbish sisters manipulated Bingley into 4(to leave / leaving) Jane, because they looked down on the Bennets' lack of wealth and connections. She comforts her devastated sister, feeling more 5(disgusted / disgusting) by Darcy than ever before. Jane goes to London to visit her aunt, hoping to see Bingley, but Bingley's sister Caroline treats her with cold indifference, confirming Elizabeth's suspicions. Little does Elizabeth know, the charming Mr. Wickham is deceiving everyone with his lies, and the truth about Darcy's character is 6(much / very) more complicated than her first impressions led her to believe.

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Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Word Bank: [inherit / pompous / reject / deceive / ruin / departure / manipulate / complicated]

Mr. Collins will _______ the Bennet estate when Mr. Bennet dies.

Elizabeth could not stand Mr. Collins because he was so foolish and _______.

She decided to _______ his proposal without hesitation.

Wickham told a lie to _______ Elizabeth into hating Darcy.

Wickham claimed that Darcy had tried to _______ his future.

The sudden _______ of Bingley from Netherfield made Jane cry.

Elizabeth thought Darcy tried to _______ Bingley’s feelings.

The truth about their past was much more _______ than it seemed.

Chapter 3: The Truth Revealed

Months later, Elizabeth visits Charlotte at her new home in Hunsford. There, she frequently encounters Darcy, who is 1(visiting / visited) his aunt, the arrogant Lady Catherine de Bourgh. To Elizabeth's absolute shock, Darcy suddenly arrives at her room and proposes to her, passionately confessing his love. However, he does so arrogantly, focusing heavily on her lower social connections and how he tried to fight his feelings. Deeply offended by his manner, Elizabeth fiercely rejects him, 2(accusing / accused) him of destroying Jane's happiness and ruining Wickham's life. Darcy is stunned and angry. The next morning, Darcy hands her a long letter 3(explaining / explained) his controversial actions. He admits to separating Jane and Bingley, but claims he did it because he genuinely believed Jane did not love Bingley, and he wanted to protect his friend. Furthermore, he reveals 4(that / what) Wickham is actually a deceitful gambler. Darcy explains that Wickham wasted his inheritance and even tried to secretly elope with Darcy's 15-year-old sister, Georgiana, to steal her fortune. Reading this, Elizabeth is completely paralyzed with shock. As she reads the letter again and again, she realizes she has been completely blind and 5(has misjudged / had misjudged) Darcy entirely. Her perspective begins to alter dramatically, 6(making / made) her deeply regret her harsh and unjust words. She recognizes that her own pride and prejudice had clouded her judgment, and that she had been charmed by Wickham's handsome face rather than his true character.

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Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Word Bank: [encounter / confess / fiercely / accuse / reveal / deceitful / ashamed / perspective]

Elizabeth did not expect to _______ Darcy at Hunsford.

Darcy decided to _______ his love to Elizabeth despite her family.

She _______ rejected him because of his arrogant words.

Elizabeth proceeded to _______ Darcy of ruining Jane's life.

The letter helped to _______ the dark truth about Wickham.

Wickham was not a good man; he was a _______ gambler.

After reading the letter, Elizabeth felt deeply _______ of herself.

Her _______ on Darcy completely changed after knowing the truth.

Chapter 4: Resolution at Pemberley

Months later, while traveling with her aunt and uncle, Elizabeth visits Pemberley, Darcy's magnificently 1(beautiful / beautifully) estate in Derbyshire. She expects him to be away, but is surprised to find him there. Instead of being arrogant, Darcy is incredibly polite and 2(welcoming / welcomed) to her relatives, introducing Elizabeth to his shy sister, Georgiana. Their mutual affection grows rapidly. However, a massive scandal suddenly erupts. News arrives from home that Elizabeth's foolish youngest sister, Lydia, has 3(eloped / eloping) with Wickham. This scandalous event threatens to ruin the entire Bennet family's reputation forever. Devastated, Elizabeth tells Darcy the news and rushes home, believing she will never see him again. Unbeknownst to her, Darcy secretly tracks down the runaway couple in London. He pays a massive bribe to pay off Wickham's debts and forces him 4(to marry / marrying) Lydia, 5(saving / saved) the Bennets from total disgrace. When Elizabeth accidentally discovers his secret rescue, her heart is overcome with profound gratitude and true love. Soon after, Bingley and Darcy return to Netherfield. Bingley finally proposes to Jane, who happily accepts. Days later, the furious Lady Catherine arrives at Longbourn, demanding that Elizabeth promise never to marry Darcy, as she wants him to marry her own daughter. Elizabeth bravely refuses to make such a promise. Encouraged by her defiant refusal, Darcy proposes a second time while they are walking together. This time, Elizabeth 6(happy / happily) accepts. They are united in a marriage built on deep understanding, having overcome their initial pride and prejudice.

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Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Word Bank: [polite / mutual / scandal / reputation / bribe / debt / gratitude / furious]

At Pemberley, Darcy was surprisingly _______ to Elizabeth's aunt and uncle.

Their _______ affection for each other began to grow steadily.

Lydia's elopement caused a huge _______ in the town.

The event threatened to destroy the Bennet family's good _______.

Darcy had to pay a large _______ to Wickham to force him to marry Lydia.

Wickham had a lot of gambling _______ that needed to be paid.

Elizabeth felt profound _______ towards Darcy for saving her family.

Lady Catherine was _______ when she heard rumors about Darcy and Elizabeth.

[Read 101] TOEFL iBT Reading Practice Test

Reading Passage 1: Social Mobility and Marriage in 19th Century England

[1] In the early 19th century, during the Regency era in England, social class and economic stability were the fundamental pillars of society. For women, in particular, the avenues for securing a comfortable future were severely limited. They could not inherit entailed estates, attend university, or pursue professional careers. Consequently, marriage was not merely a romantic union but a critical economic necessity. It was the primary mechanism through which a woman could achieve financial security and maintain or elevate her social standing. This historical reality forms the bedrock of Jane Austen’s literary masterpieces, most notably Pride and Prejudice.

[2] The novel opens with the famous ironic statement: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." This perfectly encapsulates the era's mercenary attitude towards matrimony. Mrs. Bennet, a character often viewed as comical and excessively anxious, embodies the genuine panic of a mother whose five daughters face financial ruin if they do not marry well. Because the Bennet estate is entailed to a male heir (Mr. Collins), the Bennet sisters will be left practically penniless upon their father's death unless they secure wealthy husbands.

█ [A] This economic pressure forces characters to make difficult, sometimes compromising choices. █ [B] For instance, Charlotte Lucas, a practical woman who lacks beauty and fortune, accepts the pompous and foolish Mr. Collins. █ [C] She views marriage objectively as "the only honorable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune." █ [D] Her decision highlights the stark reality that romantic love was often a luxury that women of the gentry without means could ill afford.

[4] Conversely, the novel also explores the tension between this economic necessity and the rising ideal of romantic, companionate marriage. Elizabeth Bennet stands out as a progressive figure who refuses to marry solely for financial gain or social advancement. She rejects both Mr. Collins's secure offer and Mr. Darcy's initial, arrogant proposal, demanding mutual respect and genuine affection instead. Austen uses Elizabeth's eventual union with Darcy to illustrate an idealized marriage—one that harmoniously blends emotional fulfillment with economic prosperity, suggesting that true happiness requires both, but must be founded on respect rather than mere financial transaction.

Reading Passage 2: The Evolution of Character: Overcoming First Impressions

[1] The original working title of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was "First Impressions." This early title underscores the central psychological theme of the novel: the human tendency to form rapid, rigid judgments based on superficial evidence, and the difficult process of overcoming those ingrained biases. The narrative masterfully tracks the moral and intellectual growth of its two protagonists, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, as they are forced to confront their own flaws.

[2] Elizabeth Bennet, despite her sharp intelligence, is deeply flawed by her overconfidence in her own perceptive abilities. She prides herself on her ability to accurately judge character. When Darcy insults her at the Meryton assembly by calling her "tolerable, but not handsome enough," her pride is wounded. Consequently, she forms a strong prejudice against him, interpreting all his subsequent actions through a lens of negativity. This bias makes her easily susceptible to George Wickham’s charming lies. Because Wickham’s pleasant demeanor flatters her, she blindly accepts his false narrative that Darcy is a cruel villain.

[3] Darcy, on the other hand, suffers from extreme pride born of his aristocratic upbringing. He enters Hertfordshire society with a haughty sense of superiority, viewing the local country people as beneath him in both manners and connections. █ [A] His pride blinds him to Elizabeth's true worth initially, and it leads him to disastrously mismanage his first proposal. █ [B] He focuses on the degradation of marrying into her family rather than expressing genuine love. █ [C] Elizabeth’s furious rejection and harsh accusations serve as a profound wake-up call for him. █ [D]

[4] The turning point for both characters involves a painful but necessary process of self-reflection. Darcy’s explanatory letter forces Elizabeth to re-evaluate her judgments. She realizes that her "first impressions" were entirely wrong—she was "blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd." Similarly, Darcy takes Elizabeth’s criticisms to heart, actively working to suppress his aristocratic pride and become a true gentleman in action, not just in wealth. Their eventual union is only possible because both individuals possess the humility and moral courage to admit their mistakes, learn from them, and change.

Chapter 1 Vocabulary

Chapter 1: Comprehension & Grammar Quiz (15 Questions)

1. Which of the following is true about Mr. Utterson?

(A) He talks very loudly and smiles all the time.

(B) He is a loyal, quiet, and highly respected lawyer.

(C) He is a famous doctor in London.

(D) He enjoys going to parties every weekend.

2. What did Mr. Enfield and Mr. Utterson do every Sunday?

(A) They played tennis in the park.

(B) They went for a long walk together.

(C) They visited Dr. Jekyll's laboratory.

(D) They read law books in the office.

3. What did Mr. Hyde do when he bumped into the little girl?

(A) He apologized and helped her stand up.

(B) He called the police immediately.

(C) He walked heavily over her body and ignored her screams.

(D) He ran away into the forest.

4. How did the crowd feel when they looked at Mr. Hyde?

(A) They felt an instant, unexplainable hatred toward him.

(B) They felt very sorry for him because he was small.

(C) They thought he was a very handsome and kind man.

(D) They wanted to protect him from Mr. Enfield.

5. How much money did Mr. Hyde agree to pay the girl's family?

(A) Ten pounds (B) Ninety pounds

(C) One hundred pounds (D) One thousand pounds

6. What did Dr. Jekyll's will state?

(A) His money would be given to a charity organization.

(B) His money would go to Mr. Hyde if he died or disappeared.

(C) His house would be given to Mr. Utterson.

(D) His laboratory would be completely destroyed.

7. Why did Mr. Utterson wait outside the dark door every night?

(A) To meet Mr. Hyde face to face.

(B) To break the door and steal the gold.

(C) To deliver a letter to Dr. Jekyll.

(D) To protect the little girl.

8. What was Dr. Jekyll's reaction when Utterson warned him about Hyde?

(A) He cried and asked Utterson to arrest Hyde.

(B) He agreed with Utterson and destroyed the will.

(C) He turned pale and told Utterson to mind his own business.

(D) He laughed loudly and said Hyde was a good man.

9. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to "brutal".

(A) gentle (B) cruel (C) intelligent (D) polite

10. Choose the word that has the OPPOSITE meaning to "honorable".

(A) respectful (B) noble (C) shameful (D) proud

11. What does the word "disgust" mean in the passage?

(A) A strong feeling of dislike or sickness caused by something highly unpleasant.

(B) A feeling of great happiness and excitement.

(C) A deep understanding of the law.

(D) A legal document written by a lawyer.

Read the following sentences and find the grammatical error.

12. One (A)was a very short man (B)walk (C)rapidly down the (D)dark (E)street.

(A) was (B) walk (C) rapidly (D) dark (E) street

13. The building (A)which stands (B)out is (C)an dark, (D)windowless, and (E)ugly building.

(A) which (B) out (C) an (D) windowless (E) ugly

14. Utterson (A)strongly suspects (B)that the situation is (C)getting much (D)more (E)worse.

(A) strongly (B) that (C) getting (D) more (E) worse

15. Where does the following sentence best fit in the paragraph?

Utterson knows that the signature belongs to Dr. Jekyll. (A) However, the signature on the cheque was truly shocking. (B) It was not signed by Mr. Hyde. (C) It was signed by a very famous, wealthy, and highly respected man in London. (D) Enfield refuses to tell Utterson the name on the cheque, but Utterson already knows the terrible truth.

📝 Chapter 1 Summary (Fill in the blanks)

Word Bank: [ will / cheque / walks / blackmailing / door ] Mr. Utterson and Enfield go for Sunday ________. Enfield tells a story about a strange ________ where an ugly man named Hyde went to get a ________ after hurting a child. Utterson discovers Hyde is the heir in Dr. Jekyll's ________. Utterson meets Hyde and suspects he is ________ Dr. Jekyll.

Chapter 2: The Murder of Sir Danvers Carew

Nearly a year passes quietly, but in the month of October, London is completely shocked by a crime of singular ferocity. The terrible murder is made even more tragic by the high position of the victim. It happens very late at night. A young maidservant is living in a house not far from the river. She is feeling very romantic that night, so she sits by her window, looking beautifully at the bright moon illuminating the dark city. Suddenly, she sees an aged and incredibly handsome gentleman with white hair walking down the empty lane. The old man is named Sir Danvers Carew, a well-known and highly respected member of Parliament. He looks exceptionally kind, innocent, and peaceful as he asks for directions.

Another man is walking toward him. The maidservant recognizes him immediately. It is Mr. Edward Hyde, who had once visited her master. Hyde is holding a very heavy piece of wood, a strong walking stick, in his hand. At first, Hyde listens to the old man quietly. But then, for absolutely no reason at all, Hyde suddenly explodes in a massive fit of uncontrollable, animalistic anger. He starts violently stamping his foot on the ground and waving his arms like a madman. Sir Danvers Carew takes a step back in pure shock. Suddenly, Hyde violently strikes the old man with the heavy cane. The poor gentleman falls to the ground. Hyde repeatedly beats the fallen man with such unbelievable cruelty that the heavy wooden stick literally breaks in half under the immense force. The bones are audibly shattered, and the body jumps upon the roadway. The maid is so utterly terrified by this horrific scene (A) (which / that) she completely faints and loses consciousness.

It is two o'clock in the morning when the maid finally wakes up and calls the police. The murderer has long disappeared, but the completely crushed body of Sir Danvers Carew is still lying on the cold street. Beside the body, the police find the broken half of the heavy wooden stick and a sealed envelope. The envelope is explicitly addressed to Mr. Gabriel John Utterson. Early the next morning, a police officer brings the tragic news and the letter to Utterson's house. Utterson travels to the police station and formally identifies the dead body. "Yes," he says with a heavy sigh, "I recognize him. I am very sorry to say that this is Sir Danvers Carew."

Then, the police inspector shows Utterson the broken half of the wooden stick used for the brutal murder. As soon as Utterson looks at it, his heart completely drops. Even though the stick is broken and covered in blood, he instantly recognizes it. It is the exact same walking stick (B) (which / who) he had personally given as a gift to Dr. Henry Jekyll many years ago! Utterson tells the police inspector, "If you can come with me in my carriage, I think I can take you to the murderer’s house."

They quickly travel to Soho, one of the darkest, dirtiest, and most dangerous parts of London. The morning fog is incredibly thick and brown, making the streets look like a terrifying nightmare. When they arrive at Hyde’s apartment, a silvery-haired woman with an evil face opens the door. She says that Hyde is not at home. Utterson and the inspector push past her and search the rooms. The apartment is luxuriously furnished, but it is currently a complete disaster. It looks like someone has frantically searched for something and left in a massive hurry. Clothes are scattered everywhere, and a pile of grey ashes is completely (C) (found / finding) in the fireplace.

The police inspector carefully digs through the ashes and finds the unburned green cover of a chequebook. He also discovers the other broken half of the murder weapon quietly hiding securely behind the door. "We have him now, Mr. Utterson," the inspector says confidently. "He must go to the bank to get his money, and we will arrest him there." However, capturing Mr. Edward Hyde is not an easy task. He has no family, no friends, and no photographs exist of him. The few people who have seen him can only agree on one single thing: the deep, unexplainable sense of evil and physical deformity he leaves behind. He is officially (D) (the most / more) wanted criminal in all of England. Not only (E) (the police are / are the police) searching every dark corner of the city, but a massive reward is also offered for his capture. Yet, Mr. Hyde has completely vanished into thin air, as if he never existed at all. Utterson returns home, deeply worried about his friend Dr. Jekyll. He strongly suspects that the dark connection between his highly respected friend and this brutal murderer is far (F) (more / much) dangerous than a simple blackmail.

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Vocabulary

Chapter 3: The Incident of Dr. Lanyon

Time passes after the terrible murder of Sir Danvers Carew. Mr. Hyde has completely disappeared from the streets of London, and no one knows where he is hiding. Without the evil influence of Mr. Hyde, Dr. Henry Jekyll seems to become a completely new man. He finally comes out of his dark, isolated laboratory and begins to see his old friends again. He starts hosting large, elegant dinner parties at his beautiful home, and his guests (A) (is / are) always happy to see him looking so healthy. Dr. Jekyll also becomes very famous for his charity work. He gives a large amount of money to the poor and helps people who are in desperate need. For over two months, he lives a very peaceful, highly respected, and honorable life. Mr. Utterson, who is Dr. Jekyll’s lawyer and closest friend, is extremely happy about this positive change. He truly believes that the dark, mysterious days of Mr. Hyde are finally over forever.

However, this happiness and peace do not last long. On the 8th of January, Utterson enjoys a wonderful dinner at Jekyll’s house with their mutual friends. But just a few days later, on the 12th, when Utterson goes to visit his friend, the heavy front door is firmly locked. Poole, who is Jekyll’s loyal butler, says that the doctor is resting and will not see anyone. Utterson tries again on the 14th and the 15th, but the answer is always exactly the same. Dr. Jekyll has locked himself inside his laboratory again and completely refuses to communicate with the outside world.

Utterson is deeply worried about his friend's sudden change in behavior, so he decides to visit Dr. Hastie Lanyon to ask for advice. When Utterson enters Lanyon's house, he is completely shocked by what he sees. Lanyon looks like a man who is about to die very soon. His face is extremely pale, and he has lost a significant amount of weight. He looks incredibly old, frail, and weak. But the most terrifying thing is the look in his eyes. His eyes are wide open, and they are filled with a deep, dark terror. It is clear that he has seen something so (B) (shocking / shocked) that it completely destroyed his mind and physical health. Lanyon speaks with a very weak and trembling voice. He tells Utterson, "I have had a terrible shock, and I shall never recover from it. My life is over. I will die in a few weeks."

Utterson tries to comfort him, changes the subject, and carefully mentions Dr. Jekyll's name. Suddenly, Lanyon becomes very angry, and his pale face turns red with fury. "I am completely done with that man!" Lanyon screams loudly. "I do not want to hear his name ever again in my house! Do not talk to me about Dr. Henry Jekyll. He is entirely dead to me." Utterson is very confused and heartbroken, but he cannot force his dying friend to explain the secret.

A few weeks later, just as he predicted, Dr. Lanyon tragically dies. After the sad and quiet funeral, Utterson goes to his office and opens his private safe. He takes out a sealed letter that was given to him by Lanyon right before he died. The letter is (C) (written / writing) by Lanyon’s own trembling hand. On the outside of the envelope, it clearly says: "Private: For the hands of G. J. Utterson alone, and in case of his death, to be destroyed unread." Inside that envelope, there is another sealed envelope that says: "Not to be opened until the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll." Utterson is extremely tempted to open the letter immediately to finally discover the dark secret. He desperately wants to know what terrible thing destroyed Lanyon and changed Jekyll so suddenly. However, Utterson is a very strict and honest man. He decides (D) (respecting / to respect) his dead friend's final wishes. He safely locks the mysterious letter in his deepest drawer.

One cold Sunday evening, Utterson is walking with his relative, Mr. Richard Enfield. They are walking down the same dark street where Enfield first saw Mr. Hyde stepping over the little girl. They walk into the quiet courtyard behind Dr. Jekyll’s laboratory. They look up at the high windows and see Dr. Jekyll sitting there alone. He looks like a deeply depressed prisoner who is permanently trapped in a dark cell. Utterson calls out to him cheerfully, "Jekyll, my old friend! You should come outside and walk with us! The fresh evening air will be very good for your health." Jekyll replies with a very sad and heavy sigh, "No, I cannot. It is completely impossible for me to leave." But he agrees to talk with them from the window for a short moment.

They talk normally about the city for a few minutes, and Jekyll seems a little bit happier to see familiar faces. But suddenly, right in the middle of a sentence, a look of pure, unforgettable horror covers Jekyll’s face. His gentle smile disappears, and his face twists into a monstrous expression of pain and terror. He slams the heavy window shut so hard that the glass violently shakes. Utterson and Enfield are completely frozen with fear and shock. They look at each other, their faces extremely pale in the moonlight. Rarely (E) (they had seen / had they seen) something so terrifying in their entire lives. They walk away from the dark courtyard in complete silence. Utterson now realizes that the terrifying situation is getting (F) (much / very) worse than he ever imagined.

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Vocabulary

Chapter 4: The Last Night & The Secret

It is a remarkably cold and windy night in March. The moon is completely hidden behind thick, dark clouds, and the streets of London are entirely empty and quiet. Mr. Utterson is sitting comfortably by the warm fire in his house when he hears a sudden, desperate knock on his front door. He opens it and is very surprised to see Poole, Dr. Jekyll’s old and loyal butler. Poole looks absolutely terrified. He is shaking heavily with fear, and his face is completely white as a sheet. "Mr. Utterson, sir, please come with me," Poole begs with a deeply trembling voice. "There is something terribly wrong with my master. I am desperately afraid that foul play has happened." Utterson is a man of action; he does not ask any unnecessary questions. He immediately grabs his heavy coat and hat, and they walk quickly through the dark, windy streets to Dr. Jekyll’s grand house.

When they finally arrive at the house, Utterson is shocked by the bizarre scene inside. All the servants, including the maids, the cooks, and the gardeners, are (A) (gathered / gathering) closely together in the main hall. They are crying out loud, holding each other, and trembling with fear. When they see Mr. Utterson, they feel a small ray of hope. "Ah, thank God! Mr. Utterson is here!" one of the maids cries in pure relief. Poole strictly tells everyone to be quiet. He takes a candle and silently leads Utterson across the dark, freezing backyard to the heavy door of the laboratory building.

Poole knocks softly on the thick wooden door and announces, "Sir, Mr. Utterson is here to see you." From inside the locked laboratory, a harsh, strange, and incredibly sharp voice answers quickly, "Tell him I cannot see anyone!" The voice does not sound like the kind, deep, and gentle voice of Dr. Jekyll at all. Utterson looks at Poole in extreme confusion. Poole whispers in terror, "Do you honestly think that is my master’s voice? No, sir, it is not! I believe my master was murdered exactly eight days ago. The creature inside that room is the murderer, Mr. Edward Hyde!"

Poole furiously explains that for the past entire week, the mysterious person locked inside the laboratory has been crying day and night, constantly begging for a specific medicine. The person has been writing desperate notes and throwing them under the door gap. Poole has visited almost every single pharmacy in London to buy the special chemical salt, but the person inside keeps returning the medicine, complaining fiercely that the salt is not pure enough. Utterson realizes the extreme danger and knows they must act immediately. They decide to break down the laboratory door. "Jekyll, I demand to see you!" Utterson shouts loudly at the door. "If you do not open this door right now, we will break it down with an axe!" A high-pitched voice from inside screams in pure, animalistic terror, "Utterson, for God's sake, have mercy!"

"That is definitively not Jekyll's voice! That is Hyde's voice!" Utterson cries out. "Break the door, Poole!" Poole powerfully swings a heavy steel axe and hits the thick wooden door. The loud sound echoes violently through the quiet, cold night. After several incredibly hard hits, the solid wood finally shatters and breaks, and the door falls open. They run into the laboratory, fully expecting to find a terrible, bloody scene.

However, the room is very quiet and warm. A cozy fire is burning brightly in the fireplace, and papers are arranged very neatly on the large desk. But right in the middle of the room, there is the twisted body of a small, strange man (B) (twitched / twitching) weakly on the cold floor. Utterson and Poole carefully approach the fallen body. They gently turn it over and immediately see the ugly, unmistakable face of Edward Hyde. He is dressed in fine clothes that are far too large for him—they are clearly the expensive clothes of Dr. Henry Jekyll. Hyde has a crushed glass bottle tightly in his hand. He has tragically killed himself by drinking a powerful, deadly poison. The strong, bitter smell of the chemical fills the air. They thoroughly search the entire building from top to bottom, hoping to find Dr. Jekyll alive or at least find his dead body, but Jekyll is nowhere (C) (to be found / finding).

Utterson goes to the neat desk and finds a large, sealed envelope explicitly addressed to himself. He opens it very carefully. Inside, there are three important things. The first is a brand new will, leaving all of Jekyll’s vast money and property to Utterson, completely removing Hyde's name. The second is a short, desperate note from Jekyll, telling Utterson to go home immediately and finally read the secret letter from Dr. Lanyon. The third item is a thick, heavy notebook containing Dr. Jekyll's full, detailed confession of his entire life. Utterson quickly goes back to his house, sits by the fire, and finally learns the terrible, unbelievable truth.

Dr. Jekyll had secretly believed for a long time that every human being essentially has two completely different sides: a good, moral side and a dark, evil side. He desperately wanted to separate these two natures scientifically. After years of highly dangerous and unethical experiments, he successfully created a powerful, bubbling potion. When he drank it, his physical body and his mind (D) (were transformed / transformed) violently. The tall, handsome, and highly respected Dr. Jekyll became the short, ugly, and pure evil Mr. Hyde. At first, Jekyll absolutely loved this secret, dual life. He greatly enjoyed the complete freedom of doing terrible, bad things as Hyde without ever ruining his perfect reputation as the good Dr. Jekyll.

However, as time passed, the evil side began to grow naturally (E) (stronger / strongest) and much more powerful than the good side. Soon, Jekyll started turning into the monstrous Hyde while he was sleeping in his bed, without even drinking the potion. He completely lost control over his own body and mind. It was Hyde who committed the terrible, brutal murder of Sir Danvers Carew, making him a deeply wanted criminal by the police. Jekyll frantically tried to stop the random transformations, but he ran out of the original, impure chemical salt that made the potion work perfectly. The new salt he bought from the pharmacies was too pure and simply did not work at all. Realizing with absolute despair that he would soon be permanently trapped forever in the ugly body of a wanted murderer, he bravely decided (F) (to end / ending) his own life before Hyde could take over completely. The dark story concludes with the truly tragic fall of a brilliant, ambitious, but ultimately foolish man.

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